Where Have the Simple Days of Politically Informative...

The year is 1690. Richard Pierce and Benjamin Harris have recently published the first form of media in America, a newspaper titled: Publick Occurrences, both Foreign and Domestick. The newspaper was originally located Cambridge, England, but relocated to Boston, Massachusetts because Roman Catholics and Quakers considered some of the published material controversial. The writers intend to publish an issue once a month, unless any monumental event ensues sooner. However, the project does not play out as effortlessly as the writers hoped. Without proper authorization, colonial government officials suppressed the project, arrested the publishers, and destroyed all copies of the newspaper because they deemed the news too high of a nature for the people to read. The Public Occurences was the first ingenuous attempt to report news to the public. This informed people on current issues, enabling them to form their own opinions about politics. Since 1690, the media’s approach to reporting news stories has shifted. Instead of offering people the truth, forms of media like television often distort political affairs to align with their own political agendas. With the shift in the media’s tactics of tackling current events, the public’s perception of the media has transformed. Back in 1690, any form of media was a blessing because it kept the public cognizant. Today, people take for granted a constant flow of information because it is so readily available. Overall, the incessant andShow MoreRelatedDocumentary Photography3107 Words   |  12 Pagesissues. In the modern world, with the advancement of complex photographic devices along with a nourishment of a range of forums for expression, the cause of documentary photography has been enormously furthered. The very definitions of the trade have endured quite a lot of evolution and of course, debate. According to Natasha Becker in her highly comprehensive article titled, Familiarizing the Documentary or Documenting the Family? the opening paragraph lays down the absolute crux of the afore-mentionedRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagescareer-guidance magazines 9 Western craze among glossy women’s magazines, Better fare offered by regional (5) women’s magazines 10 Writing and editing for magazines, special skills needed. Importance of the rewrite desk (4) 11 Role of Alternative media to deal with people’s issues. Scope for magazines devoted to environment and civic issues (4) Business Journalism- It’s all about Money! * Pink papers * The ‘pink papers’ refer toRead MoreTestbook Answers112756 Words   |  452 PagesAsset Shareholders’ Equity Cash: (140 + 14 + 150) $304.00 Opening balance: $276.36 (286.36 - 10.00 dividend) Capital Asset, at Present value Net income 27.64 0.00 $304.00 $304.00 Thus, at time 2 the shareholders have: Cash from dividend $10.00 Interest at 10% on cash dividend, for year 2 Value of firm per balance sheet 1.00 304.00 $315.00 This is the same value as that of the firm at time 2, assuming P.V. Ltd. paid no dividends (see QuestionRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageswhat you ought to believe about some subject. 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ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reservedRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages597 CASE STUDIES ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 598 ECS8C_C01.qxd 22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permissionRead MoreCloud Computing Security67046 Words   |  269 Pagespapers and their release schedule are located at: http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/ In another change from the second version, there are some updated domain names. We have these changes: Domain 3: Legal Issues: Contracts and Electronic Discovery and Domain 5: Information Management and Data Security. We now have added another domain, which is Domain 14: Security as a Service.  © 2011 Cloud Security Alliance. All rights reserved. You may download, store, display on your computer, view

Tok - Model - 1449 Words

A model is a simplified representation of some aspect of the world. In what ways may models help or hinder the research for knowledge? A model by definition is â€Å"a schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics†(source) that implies that a model is supposed to be a helping hand while searching for knowledge in any subject. Sometimes however models can appear to be quite confusing as they are to general or too far away from real life situations. So how and in what way models can help and hinder the search for knowledge in natural sciences, human sciences and arts I am going to argue in the following essay. In school we†¦show more content†¦However the models of art only help us in the search for artistic knowledge. However logically anyone can differentiate between a Picasso and a Monet as the differences are easy to be seen but it takes a lot of study to empirically know the different models. That means we can only understand and use the models if we understand art so to a normal human being that does not want to have a deeper knowledge about art and its backgrounds and the fine borders between the styles those models are useless. In this case they are too subject specific for someone to use. Models can also be interpreted as being rules about how to specifically draw or paint something so that it is art. A good example for that is the Mona Lisa by Leonardo DaVinci. Although he drew a women in a realistic way, her eyebrows are missing, which lets people detach from the painting emotionally as she seems less human in a way. In the Arts models can also be something different. A very good example for that would be the Mona Lisa by Leonardo DaVinci. His model we assume was a woman or a man that must have looked just like an everyday person, however DaVinci whether on purpose or not left out any emotion and lets the person appear extremely emotionless and cold. In this way the art work hinders us from knowing more about the intentions of this painting and also about the person being drawn. However this is a trigger for people to want to find out more about this painter andShow MoreRelatedModel Tok Presentation1673 Words   |  7 PagesModel ToK Oral Presentation Understanding the Vancouver Riots: a TOK analysis of the violence following the Stanley Cup Hockey Finals on June 15th, 2011 Objectives of ToK Oral Presentation Ââ€"ï‚â€"†¯ Identify and explore a Knowledge Issue (KI) raised by a Real-life Situation (RLS) Ââ€"ï‚â€"†¯ Show insightful thinking about KI, supporting ideas about knowledge claims, justifying thinking, making connections with ToK concepts Ââ€"ï‚â€"†¯ Presentation should have two stages: Ââ€"ï‚â€"†¯ an introduction and brief explanationRead MoreTiK ToK on the Clock of Decency: How Ke$ha’s Lyrics Inspire Today’s Youth in Their Time of Trouble1547 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s teens need help, and only one person can do the job: billboard-breaking pop musician Ke$ha. In fact, because of the positive messages reflected in her song â€Å"TiK ToK,† Ke$ha’s music video should be played daily in American middle schools. Surprised? You’re not alone. At first glance, â€Å"TiK ToK†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s lyrics seem to provide the worst model possible for anything remotely similar to a healthy lifestyle. Brushing your teeth with an entire bottle of Jack Daniels whiskey reeks the stench of a bad decisionRead MoreThe Original International Personality Item Pool1024 Words   |  5 Pagesthose of people around you’ (Maltby et al., 2010, p. 392). There are four main models are: The Salovey Mayer, and Caruso model (Mayer Salovey, 1997; Mayer, Salovey, Caruso, Sitarenios, 2003), the Goleman and Boyatzis model of emotional intelligence (Boyatzis Sala, 2004; Goleman, Boyatzis, McKee, 2013), Bar-On’s model of emotional and social intelligence (Bar-On, 1997; 2006), and the trait emotional intelligence model (Petrides, Pita, Kokkinaki, 2007). Some researchers deal with EI as a traitRead MoreThe Value Of Knowledge Is Greatly Diminished1566 Words   |  7 PagesAnezka Boyle O’Neill IB Theory of Knowledge Period 4 11-7-15 TOK Essay: â€Å"Without application in the world, the value of knowledge is greatly diminished.† Consider this claim with respect to two areas of knowledge. Knowledge can be defined as being skills or information acquired through experiences or encounters, an awareness of familiarity gained from an experience, and a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. The last of these definitions is more of an arguable definition. ThereRead MoreDiscuss the Roles of Language and Reason in History1695 Words   |  7 PagesTOK- Essay Question 9 â€Å"Discuss the roles of language and reasoning in history† 1451 words Nadia Lotze 000 865-015 Mr Skeoch History is the past written by the present. The very nature of this statement creates the predicament of historical knowledge. The historians of the present are under constant pressure of rapidly changing society; therefore what we discover from the past is dependent on our perceptions that are forever changing. History and historical explanations are deduced and manipulatedRead MoreThe Big Five Dimensions Of Personality1035 Words   |  5 Pagesextraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The Big Five Dimensions of Personality are used in favor of other models because of the eradication of overlapping traits. This particular model shows regularity in experiments, surveys, and interviews. Studies have proven that it is effective with all ages and past histories of people. Openness is the first of the traits of the Big Five model. Openness is the capability to allow different and new things into one’s life. Extraordinary ideas, creativenessRead MoreIs the Knowledge We Gain from the Natural Sciences More Reliable Than the Knowledge We Gain from the Human Sciences1228 Words   |  5 Pagesas expectations, confirmation bias, expert seeing and background assumptions could all distort the ‘facts’ which are obtained in the end. One knowledge issue with a natural science like chemistry only became apparent to me after starting to study TOK. There is a constant changing of ‘facts’ and laws, they are always being disproved and replaced†¦so we really have no way of knowing whether what we’re studying is an actually ‘true’ or whether it will be disproved in the future. As my chemistry teacherRead MoreNatural science, as the TOK definition, was the sciences that prove the basic rules and the laws of800 Words   |  4 PagesNatural science, as the TOK definition, was the sciences that prove the basic rules and the laws of the nature. It’s based on the measurement and processions of the quantitative data in the real world. Humans invented some models of natural processes that research both human behaviour and social patterns as well. As two Interdependences subjects in AOK, the human science aim to interpret the experiences, activities, living, and artefacts which were associated with human beings. The data, for exampleRead MoreBody Satisfaction Is Defined As An Individual s Perception Of The Body Essay2307 Words   |  10 Pagesindividuals have less weakness towards the idealised image as they have high self confidence which leads to high body satisfaction. As a result, individuals with high Conscientiousness leads to high body satisfaction. In another study examined by Tok et al., (2010), reported that body satisfaction shows a correlation among several dimensions of personality traits. Overall, Neuroticism is principally the main association relating to the cause of body image satisfaction. It was suggested that NeuroticismRead MoreTok Essay: That Which Can Be Asserted Without Evidence Can Be Dismissed Without Evidence1540 Words   |  7 Pages|TOK Essay Title : â€Å"That which can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence† Do you agree ? | |Word Count: 1240 Words | Evidence is a thing or things that help in attaining knowledge. The statement â€Å"that which can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without evidence† means that it is possible

Food Log Analysis free essay sample

5 day food analysis During the 5 day span I met the calorie requirement of 2850 in daily food intake due to my high activity level. I pretty much had a balanced diet in terms of having each food group represented in my daily intake. I plan on to keeping my muscle mass, so I pretty much had a diet plan before. But going through the calorie tracker in the website made me realize that I was eating too much junk food than intended. It really didn’t have any adverse on my physique due to my early mentioned level of activity but by cutting down on my junk food intake for the week I was recording this log I was able to enjoy good wholesome food, without spending a lot of money in college cafeteria. Not only was I able to do this I was able to feel the effect of having healthy food in my daily workouts. We will write a custom essay sample on Food Log Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was more energized to do work and felt the energy throughout the day. I did not need coffee or any other types of energy drink to keep me going through the day. I also was able to watch and track how much of what I was eating during this time period. I usually overeat on the food groups such as meat and fruits while skipping vegetable and grains that are needed for a balanced body. Now I made sure that everything was in proportion and also introduced new foods my daily routine. I plan on to implementing the above mentioned findings on to my diet from now on so that I could avoid the mistakes that I used to commit before.

Mayans Essays - Maya Classic Period, National Monuments Of Mexico

Mayans When the Spanish began to arrive in Mexico and in Central America in the early 15th century, one of the many civilizations they found was the Maya. The Maya, building upon the Olmec culture, were located in present-day Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, southern Mexico, and the Yucatan Peninsula. Even though they had many similarities, the Maya were separated by language differences. Because of that they were organized into city-states. Since there wasnt a single city-state powerful enough to impose a political structure, the period from 200 A.D. to the arrival of the Spanish was characterized by the struggle of rival kingdoms for dominance. Mayan architectural achievements were remarkable, given the difficulties brought on by fragile soil, dense forest, and a harsh tropical climate. During the Classic period (250-900 A.D.), the largest Mayan cities had populations in excess of 50,000 people. These high populations required them to practice more intensive agriculture, instead of the typical slash-and-burn. The Classic period cities had dense precincts visually dominated by extraordinary architecture. Larger cities had numerous high pyramids, ceremonial platforms, and palaces built on platforms or mounds. The Maya have been called the Greeks of the New World because of their intellectual accomplishments. They were the most advanced in writing, math, architecture, and astronomy of all the Indian civilizations. In math, the Maya developed a system based on three symbols: a dot, a bar, and a shell. The dot represented 1, the bar 5, and the shell 0. The Maya used the concept of 0, 1200 years before anyone in the Old World. Their number system was based on 20 and the value increased from bottom to top. The Maya elite developed a complicated calendar system. There are two main cycles in their calendar; one was made up of 260 days and the other 365. Each day is named from both the 260 and 365-day calendars. Because of this each full day name could only repeat every 18,980 days or once every 52 years. The Maya didnt discover metallurgy until late in the Classic period and used it only to produce jewelry and decorations for the elite. Artists and their numerous assistants cut and filled the stones used for palaces, pyramids, and housing, aided only by levers and stone tools. Each wave of construction represented the mobilization of thousands of laborers. The urban building boom of the Classic period reflected the ability of rulers to appropriate the labor of their subjects. The abandonment or destruction of the major urban cities between 800 and 900 A.D. brought the Classic period to a close. There were probably many causes for this, but no scholarly consensus exists. The destruction of Teotihuacan, in about 750 A.D. disrupted long-distance trade and thus might have undermined the legitimacy of the Maya rulers. Growing population, especially among the elite, led to environmental degradation and falling agricultural productivity. Some scholars have suggested that climatic change contributed to the collapse, but evidence is slight. Regardless of the disputed reasons, there is an agreement that by 900 A.D. the Maya had entered a new era, the Post Classic. Evidence suggests that during the Post Classic central Mexican cultural influence increased among the Maya of Yucatan. Legend has it that the Toltecs of central Mexico, led by Quetzalcoatl, conquered the Maya of Yucatan. According to this legend, a group associated with the god Tezcatlipoca had forced Quetzalcoatl into exile. Quetzalcoatl and his followers moved east, defeating the Maya of Yucatan and establishing a new capital, Chichen Itza. By the end of the 13th century, the Itza were the authority across much of Yucatan. The origins of these people are unclear, but they claimed to be the people of Chichen Itza. The Itza eventually established authority over most of the Yucatan, while many Maya remained independent. The Itza are also believed to have founded the city Mayapan. At its height, Mayapan had a population of about 15,000. But in no way was it as magnificent as Tikal or Chichen Itza. Warfare and rebellion led to the end of the Itza and Mayapan about 1450 A.D. From the fall of Mayapan until the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, the Maya returned to the pattern of dispersed political authority. Towns of modest size exercised

Using Ruby Environmental Variables

Using Ruby Environmental Variables Environment variables are variables passed to programs by the command line or the graphical shell. When an environment variable is referred to, its value (whatever the variable is defined as) is then referenced. Though there are a number of environment variables that only affect the command line or graphical shell itself (such as PATH or HOME), there are also several that directly affect how Ruby scripts execute. Tip:  Ruby environment variables are similar to ones found in the Windows OS. For example, Windows users may be familiar with a TMP  user variable to define the location of the temporary folder the for the currently logged in user. Accessing Environment Variables from Ruby Ruby has direct access to environment variables via the ENV hash. Environment variables can be directly read or written to by using the index operator with a string argument. Note that writing to environment variables will only have an effect on child processes of the Ruby script. Other invocations of the script will not see the changes in environment variables. #!/usr/bin/env ruby# Print some variablesputs ENV[PATH]puts ENV[EDITOR]# Change a variable then launch a new programENV[EDITOR] geditcheat environment_variables add Passing Environment Variables to Ruby To pass environment variables to Ruby, simply set that environment variable in the shell. This varies slightly between operating systems, but the concepts remain the same. To set an environment variable on the Windows command prompt, use the set command. set TESTvalue To set an environment variable on Linux  or OS X, use the export command. Though  environment variables are a normal part of the Bash shell, only variables that have been exported will be available in programs launched by the Bash shell. $ export TESTvalue Alternatively, if the environment variable will only be used by the program about to be run, you can define any environment variables before the name of the command. The environment variable will be passed onto the program as its run, but not saved. Any further invocations of the program will not have this environment variable set. $ EDITORgedit cheat environment_variables add Environment Variables Used by Ruby There are a number of environment variables that affect how the Ruby interpreter acts. RUBYOPT - Any command-line switches here will be added to any switches specified on the command line.RUBYPATH - When used with the -S switch on the command line, the paths listed in RUBYPATH will be added to the paths searched when looking for Ruby scripts. The paths in RUBYPATH precede the paths listed in PATH.RUBYLIB - The list of paths here will be added to the list of paths Ruby uses to search for libraries included in the program with the require method. The paths in RUBYLIB will be searched before other directories.

Powerful Plots 3 Expert Tricks for Building a Story Arc - Freewrite Store

Powerful Plots 3 Expert Tricks for Building a Story Arc - Freewrite Store The Ingredients of a Story Arc Authors are often divided over the issue of whether to plan out a whole novel in detail or just start writing - but one thing that all writers agree on is the need for a powerful story arc. Your story arc is what gives your novel structure and makes it satisfying for your readers. Without it, you have a story that meanders around, getting nowhere, and it doesn’t matter how beautiful your prose is - without a story arc, you’ll leave your readers woefully dissatisfied. The Ingredients of a Story Arc If you consult a dictionary for a definition of a story arc, you’ll see something like this: â€Å"(in a novel, play or movie) the development or resolution of the narrative or principal theme† (Oxford English Dictionary). As something that develops and then resolves, the story arc has a shape to it - and the things that give it its shape are rising and falling emotion and tension, and character development. When these ingredients are used effectively, you have a powerful story arc that keeps your readers hooked - which is what every author (should) want. As far back as Aristotle (4th Century BCE), the great writers have understood that the formula for an effective story arc involves a beginning, a middle and an end. The beginning sets the scene and introduces the characters and theme of the novel. The middle builds the tension and increases the emotional investment from the reader. Finally, the end provides a resolution. It doesn’t have to be a complete resolution (although some readers prefer that), but there does need to be some kind of resolution. Expert Advice on Creating a Powerful Story Arc 1. Build Your Story Arc with the ‘5 Ws’ Every writer should be familiar with the 5 Ws - Who, What, Where, When and Why - but you may not have realized how much power they can wield when you’re building your story arc. To get the most out of the 5 Ws, you need to ask yourself a set of questions that will guide the way that your plot develops: Who Questions: Who are your protagonists and how might they grow or diminish to create tension Who are your antagonists and how will their development impact on the narrative and your protagonists? Who in your cast of characters do you want your readers to sympathize with most - and how might subverting this create tension in your story arc? What Questions: What motivates your characters, and how might these motivations be challenged in the course of your story? What impact might misguided motivations have on your character - and how can this be used to create tension? Where Questions: Where does your story take place, and how might unexpected changes in setting cause difficulties for your characters and build the tension in your story? When Questions: When in your story’s timeline would it be most effective to raise the tension? When might your readers be least likely to expect something to occur that can build emotion and tension? Why Questions: Why will your readers be emotionally invested in your story - and how can you subvert this as part of your story arc? 2. Don’t Be Afraid to Break from Tradition There are, of course, different types of story arc - and while the rise-then-fall formula is one of the most popular formulas in use, there are also a number of archetypal plot arcs that have been successfully used by writers over the centuries. In fact, using an archetypal story arc can give your novel’s plot a lot more power since it breaks from what many readers come to expect. If you want to try using an archetypal story arc, you have five different options to choose from - according to researchers from the University of Vermont and the University of Adelaide. These have been classified into types of narrative: Rags to riches (rise) Riches to rags (fall) Man in a hole (fall then rise) Cinderella (rise then fall then rise) Oedipus (fall then rise then fall) A lot of these story arcs are based on taking your readers on an emotional journey. Rags to riches stories, for example, gain reader investment by creating a character that can be sympathized with and create a positive emotional journey of escaping hardship, which resolves with a typical happy ending. These types of stories are really popular - because they create a sense of hope and fairness. However, rags to riches stories have been so overused that readers are now demanding more, and the Oedipus type of story arc is the one that readers seem to reach for the most, closely followed by Man in a Hole story arcs. It can be helpful to create a visual representation of the different types of archetypal story arcs to help you plan these developments into your plot. For example, a visual representation story arcs in the study mentioned above looks like this: (Top Row, left to right: Rags to riches; Man in a hole; Cinderella Bottom Row, left to right: Riches to rags; (Icarus - the traditional rise-then-fall); Oedipus (Credit: Reagan et. al/ University of Vermont) With a visual representation of your story arc, it’s easy to plot on the main events in your story and uncover more opportunities for creating high emotional stakes. If you’re not one for detailed plot outlines, a visual story arc allows you to keep your writing following the story arc without having to plan out every chapter or scene. 3. Exploit the Power of Sub-Arcs Depending on the length of your story or novel, building sub-arcs, or lesser arcs into your story can be really effective. These sub-arcs can be in addition to, or as part of, your main story arc. For example, if you’re opting for a traditional rise-then-fall story arc, you could have a sub-arc that is based around a different theme in your story that follows more of a rise-then-fall-then-rise or fall-then-rise-then-fall format. Using sub-arcs helps you to build a stronger dramatic structure into your story and is really effective in keeping your readers on the edge of their seats as they read. There are a lot of benefits to using sub-arcs in your stories, too. For example: You can create different types of tension at different points in the story - for example when the tension is lessening in your main story arc, you could build tension in a sub-arc to maintain your readers’ engagement. You have more opportunities to develop your characters and make your readers more invested in them. You can create multiple situations where it seems like your characters have everything to lose - which creates even more dramatic tension. When you’re using sub-arcs, creating a visual outline of your novel is pretty crucial. Building sub-arcs into your story can be complex, so it’s important that you’re able to see where you are in both the main story arc and your sub arcs - or you could end up with a mess instead of a defined arc. It’s these kinds of muddled middles that put readers off and leave them frustrated - so don’t skip creating a visual outline of your arc and sub-arcs. Plotting your arcs and sub-arcs on graph paper or using an app on your computer or phone can be done relatively quickly - and as your story develops it’s easy to make adjustments and add more details onto your diagram as you go along. This way, you’ll avoid the problem of adding too many sub-arcs or too many points of tension and keep a clear dramatic structure in your story. There are plenty of story arc templates you can download online, like this one:    Wielding the Power of Story Arcs Whatever type of fiction you write, whether it’s science fiction, literary fiction, crime and thrillers, horror or anything else, you need to start plotting using story arcs. Your readers will thank you for it - and your readership will grow, too. Story arcs are a simple tool that can make the difference between a good story and a great story. Many authors who don’t like to plot their novels in advance see story arcs as restricting their creativity - but in fact, story arcs can fuel your creativity, allowing you to visually see more opportunities for developing characters and building tension. You don’t have to do a detailed outline to use story arcs, and you’re sure to find that rather than being restrictive, story arcs give you the structure that you need to unleash your creative juices onto the page.       About the author: Ariella is an experienced copywriter, editor, and digital marketing consultant. Driven by a passion for writing and content creation she takes pride in producing articles that deliver the latest information in an engaging manner and marketing campaigns that deliver exceptional results. Ariella has a BA (Hons) in English Language and Creative Writing (First), an MA in Theology and Ministry, and is a published author of three novels and a bestselling non-fiction book. A creative at heart, Ariella has 14 years’ industry experience and always aims to keep abreast of current trends and developments. She lives in the UK with her three beagles Zeke, Hope, and Sandy, who always make life interesting.

Specialized academy to teach writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Specialized academy to teach writing - Essay Example Moreover, others have gone to an extent of seeking these services from various research bureaus. It is as a result of this challenge that I came up with an idea of this specialized academy. This academy will teach and help students acquire basic writing skills. This will assist students in carrying out their research, organizing and presenting their papers that are free from grammatical errors. This will in turn help students save that money they have been spending in seeking services of research bureau. The academy is set to be operating twice a week; that is, every Tuesday and Thursday, from 9 am to 5 pm. Students will not only learn writing skills but also will be at a position to carry out research independently and report on their findings. The academy will also establish a website though which students can interact and assist each other especially when not attending lectures at the academy. The project is a way of giving back to the community by producing knowledgeable students who can carry out various researches for the society. I request for funds from this committee to help me put this project to reality and together we shall reap benefits. Proper accountability shall be done to ensure that these funds are utilized properly. Specialized academy proposes to teach students on various writing skills. The academy seeks to support students and other parties willing to join the academy develop, improve and nurture their writing skills. Proposed services to be provided by the academy include writing skills, grammar, and spelling in research writing and presentation. The academy will operate on a weekly base where students are required to attend classes only on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Classes will run from 9 am in the morning till 5 pm in the evening. The academy is society based and is set to benefit the FDU society at large. Moreover, there are future plans of expansion on its success. The specialized academy is a training

The Legality of Risk Management in Healthcare (United States) Essay

The Legality of Risk Management in Healthcare (United States) - Essay Example Dr. Harris diagnosed the patient with pneumonia and impending respiratory failure. She thought of intubating the patient herself on the floor, but then decided against it and handed over the patient to a pulmonologist and intensivist. The patient suffered intense and seemingly irreversible brain damage. After a few months had elapsed, the relatives of the patient consulted a legal counselor and came to the conclusion that the patient had suffered due to malpractice. Dr. Harris was held accountable. The case was settled by giving compensatory damages to the plaintiff. The end of the paper has an executive summary analyzing the case. The history of risk management in health care goes as far as four thousand years. The Babylonians were famous for punishing their medical practitioners if they were involved in any malpractice or if their negligence had incurred any physical or metal harm to the ill. The increased incidence of malpractice during the 1970s had a seminal effect on how the legislations that were made regarding health care. Health care providers found themselves in a quandary. The money-intensive lawsuits that had been filed against them was not only a huge financial burden, but also compromised their reputation. They were also faced with the possibility of losing their license. Therefore risk management became all the more important, with agencies using both financial resources and specialized risk management staff to ensure patient safety and higher standard of professional conduct for health care practitioners. Risk management in health care is defined as the systematic management of administrative and clinical processes to prevent uncertainties and potential dangers and to mitigate the risk of the institution’s exposure to liability if loss occurs. Risk management can come into play in case of mal practice. The Joint Commission (2010) defines mal practice as the â€Å"improper or unethical

The Galapagos Island in Ecuador Essay Example for Free

The Galapagos Island in Ecuador Essay Nineteen breathtaking islands stunningly situated in the Pacific Ocean comprise the Galapagos Islands. Aside from the wonderful corporeal attributes of the island, it is also well-known for its â€Å"showcase of evolution. † The island houses different species of sea animals, which were believed to have evolved due to the volcanic activities affecting marine life. In fact, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution was based on his observations in the Galapagos Island. (UNESCO, 2007) Unique creatures living in the island including land iguanas, giant tortoises, seal colonies, cormorants, bats, rats, and such presents the importance of supporting advocacies to protect and preserve this world heritage site. These animals, also including penguins and other kinds of birds who frequent the island coexist for a balanced marine ecosystem. (The Galapagos Island) Overall, the island boasts of over 1,600 species of various insects, over 800 species of shells, 200 starfishes, 120 crabs, and many more worthy of efforts and support for their conservation and sustained existence. (Explore Galapagos) Animal seclusion in the island was identified to cause nonchalant behavior of animal life in the area. (The Galapagos Island) Imbalance in the existing animal life community in the island is said to be caused by human interference. Human practices that threat the harmony in the Galapagos Island dates for more than two decades ago when explorers hunted animals in the area for personal provisions. Aside from this, people who inhabit the island alter the physical environment affecting the balance in the island’s ecosystem. For instance, some foreign plants set in the area have been identified to damage the life of native plants in the island. To protect the area from further damage brought about by human actions and practices, majority of the area in the Galapagos was transformed into a National Park. Ongoing scientific investigation to sustain preservation is also conducted in the area by the Charles Darwin Station. (Galapagos Conservation) Although the government of Ecuador and other international organizations such as UNESCO are working very hard to continue the protection and preservation of the island, conditions that threaten the unspoiled nature of the Galapagos still exist. Therefore, continuous and intensified support is needed to prevent the destruction of this immaculate heritage site. Primarily, what should be worked on is the growing economy and population in the area, increasing the presence of insidious species of plant and animal life, as well as man-made products that disturb the balanced and harmonious community in the island. Funding and efficient management skills should be a primary concern of everyone involved. To air the call for protection and preservation of the Galapagos, efforts should also be made to educate all people in order to determine the significance of the diverse community existing within the Galapagos and look out for ways on how the advocacy can be supported by all means possible. References Explore Galapagos. (2008). Retrieved October 1, 2008, from Galapagos Conservation Trust.Website: http://www. gct. org/intro. html Galapagos Conservation. (2008). Retrieved October 1, 2008, from Big Five Tours Expedition. Website: http://www. galapagos. com/conservation. php The Galapagos Island. (2006). Retrieved October 1, 2008, from interKnowledge Corp. Website: http://www. geographia. com/ecuador/galislands. htm UNESCO. (2007). Galapagos Island. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Website: http://whc. unesco. org/en/list/1

Marketing External Environments :: essays research papers

I ¡Ã‚ ¦m not sure if I am taking the right definition of  ¡Ã‚ §external environments ¡Ã‚ ¨ in my answer, but I will talk about them in the way I have learned about them before. There are always a number of external factors that affect customers, and if a marketing team is good they will take all of them into consideration. Demographics: Defined as: The characteristics of human populations and population segments, especially when used to identify consumer markets. I think this is one of the most important factors to look at because in take into account many things about the population including, but not limited to:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Race Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gender Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Average Income Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Location Æ’Ã ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Population This makes a huge difference in marketing because marketing to middle aged Hispanic females may need a totally different campaign then elderly white males, although they may both be interested in the product. This is generally used in the initial stages of planning to decide if a certain area will even be profitable to market in. Political Factors: Depending on the political group of the area there may be bans on certain advertising or activities. Certain businesses may be supported more by specific political groups. For example a gun shop may flop in a more democratic area but be a huge success in a primary republican area. You could compare say, Texas and Massachusetts. In Republican Texas the gun ownership percentage is much, much higher then in Democratic Massachusetts. Economic Factors: This includes things like interest rates, exchange rates, government policies on taxation and spending, among other things. One of the most common examples of this is car dealerships advertising  ¡Ã‚ §Lowest Interest Rates Ever! ¡Ã‚ ¨ It may be much more successful to push a product more when interest rates are lower, and more appealing to consumers. Technological Factors: The technological world is booming, products are moving from Version 1.5 to Version 6.7 in a matter of months. With so much new technology being introduced it ¡Ã‚ ¦s important to remain user friendly, cost conscious, and efficient. Competitors: This one is huge. Companies and consumers alike need to be aware of the competing business in the area. Cost conscious consumers will look in flyers to see if Big Y or Stop and Shop has cheaper grapes, and the businesses need to be aware of this so they can appeal to the customer in a way the other business is not. If there are competing businesses in a specific area, you will RARELY see one advertise and the other abstain, for the simple fact that you need to do everything your competitor is doing and then some.

Cricket History

Cricket, also called the Gentleman's game, is a bat-and-ball team sport that is first documented as being played in southern England in the 16th century. The sport's earliest definite mention was in a 1598 court case which referred to a sport called cricket being played by boys at the Royal Grammar School, Guildford around 1550. It is believed that it was originally a children's game but references around 1610, indicate that adults had started playing it and the earliest reference to inter-parish or village cricket occurs soon afterwards.In 1624, a player called Jasper Vinall was killed when he was struck on the head during a match between two parish teams in Sussex. During the 17th century, numerous references indicate the growth of cricket in the south-east of England and it is believed that the first professionals appeared in the years following the Restoration in 1660. A newspaper report survives of ‘a great cricket match' with eleven players a side that was played for high stakes in Sussex in 1697 and this is the earliest known reference to a cricket match of such importance.The game was prominent in London as early as 1707 and large crowds flocked to matches on the Artillery Ground in Finsbury. The single wicket form of the sport attracted huge crowds and wagers to match. Bowling evolved around 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batsman. This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal with the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old ‘hockey stick' shape.The Hambledon Club was founded in the 1760s and, for the next 20 years until the formation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and the opening of Lord's Old Ground in 1787, Hambledon was both the game's greatest club and its focal point. MCC quickly became the sport's premier club and the custodian of the rules of the game known as the Laws of Cricket. These are maintained by the Internati onal Cricket Council (ICC) and the MCC, which holds the copyright. New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century included the three stump wicket and leg before wicket (lbw).By the end of the 18th century, cricket had become the national sport of England. The 19th century saw underarm bowling replaced by first round-arm and then overarm bowling. Organisation of the game at county level led to the creation of the county clubs, starting with Sussex CCC in 1839, which ultimately formed the official County Championship in 1890. The expansion of the British Empire had been instrumental in spreading the game overseas and by the middle of the 19th century it had become well established in India, North America, the Caribbean, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.In 1844, the first international cricket match took place between the United States and Canada, although neither has ever been ranked as a Test-playing nation). Today, the game's governing body, the ICC, has 104 membe r countries. With its greatest popularity in the Test playing countries, cricket is the world's second most popular sport after Association football. A cricket match is played on a cricket field at the centre of which is a pitch. The match is contested between two teams of eleven players each.One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible without being dismissed or getting ‘out' while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the other team's batsmen and limit the runs being scored. When the batting team has used all its available overs or has no remaining batsmen, the roles become reversed and it is now the fielding team's turn to bat and try to outscore the opposition. There are several variations in the length of a game of cricket. In professional cricket this ranges from a limit of 20 overs per side (Twenty20) to a game played over 5 days (Test cricket).Depending on the form of the match being played, there are different rules that govern how a game is wo n, lost, drawn or tied. Generally, cricket can be divided between matches in which the teams have two innings apiece and those in which they have a single innings each. The former, known as first- class cricket, has a duration of three to five days while the latter, known as limited overs cricket because each team bowls a limit of typically 50 overs, has a planned duration of one day only. Typically, two-innings matches have at least six hours of playing time each day.Limited overs match often last six hours or more. There are usually formal intervals on each day for lunch and tea with brief informal breaks for drinks. There is also a short interval between innings. Test cricket is the highest standard of first-class cricket. A Test match is an international fixture between teams representing those countries that are Full Members of the ICC. Teams in Test cricket, first- class cricket and club cricket wear traditional white uniforms and use red cricket balls.Test matches between two teams are usually played in a group of matches called a â€Å"series†. Matches last up to five days and a series normally consists of three to five matches. Test matches that are not finished within the allotted time are drawn. Test cricket is deemed to have begun with two matches between Australia and England in the 1876-77 Australian season. Subsequently, eight other national teams have achieved Test status: South Africa (1889), West Indies (1928), New Zealand (1929), India (1932), Pakistan (1952), Sri Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe (1992) and Bangladesh (2000).Zimbabwe subsequently suspended its Test status in 2006 due to its inability to compete against other Test teams and has yet to resume playing Test cricket. Welsh players are eligible to play for England, which is in effect an England and Wales team. The West Indies team comprises players from numerous states in the Caribbean, most notably Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, the Leeward Islands and the Windward Is lands. In a one day match, each match is scheduled for completion in a single day.It is the most common form of limited overs cricket played on an international level. Each team plays one innings only and faces a limited number of overs, usually a maximum of 50. Standard limited overs cricket was introduced in England in the 1963 season in the form of a knockout cup contested by the first-class county clubs. The concept was gradually introduced to the other major cricket countries and the first limited overs international was played in 1971. In 1975, the first Cricket World Cup took place in England.Limited overs cricket has seen various innovations including the use of multi-coloured kit and floodlit matches using a white ball. Twenty20 is a new variant of limited overs itself with the purpose being to complete the match within about three hours, usually in an evening session. The original idea, when the concept was introduced in England in 2003, was to provide workers with an even ing entertainment. It has been commercially successful and has been adopted internationally. The inaugural Twenty20 World Championship was held in 2007 and won by India.Subsequently, many domestic Twenty20 leagues were born which include the Indian Cricket League, the Indian Premier League and the Twenty20 Champions League. The International Cricket Council (ICC), which has its headquarters in Dubai, is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989.The ICC has 104 members: 10 Full Members that play official Test matches, 34 Associate Members, and 60 Affiliate Members. The Full Members are the governing bodies for cricket in a country or associated countries. All Full Member nations are automatically qualified to play ODIs and Twenty20 Internationals. They are Australia, Banglad esh, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, West Indies and Zimbabwe. The associate and affiliate teams who currently hold ODI and T20I status are Afghanistan, Canada, Ireland, Kenya, Netherlands, and Scotland.

No pain, No gain Essay

The proverb, no pain no gain means no effort, no success. Parents make their children pursue education since childhood, aiming to lead a better life. With peerless parental love, they want their children to be educated people. They often tell us to work hard at our lessons. They beat or scold us if we do not study well because their life experience proves that â€Å"No pain, no gain.† We cannot succeed in life without taking pains. To pass examination, students must attend classes regularly and learn their lessons daily. If we do not work hard, we will meet failure no merely in examinations but also in life. Similarly, a continuous training is necessary for soldiers to defend themselves and to defeat the enemies in the battlefield. Not an athlete will win over games without serious training. Likewise, a healthy person possesses his sound health by doing physical exercise, taking nutritious food, drinking clean water and living a healthy lifestyle. Here I would like to say teachers take great pains in teaching so that their students can learn more lessons and pass the examination with high marks. All these examples tell us that there is no effortless success in life. There is nothing we can get easily and readily. To sum up, we cannot gain any success without pain or effort.

Tomorrow Is Another Country essays

Tomorrow Is Another Country essays South Africas transition from apartheid to a multicultural government was a great achievement, one due to those who worked very hard to promote understanding between the white population and the black population. Over a period of five years, the black African National Congress and the white Afrikaners secretly met and discussed the future of South Africa. These meetings created an understanding between the two races that had never previously existed through South Africas long history. With this understanding between them, a multicultural government was created in South Africa, one that included everyone and excluded no one. However, this was not an easy task at all. It took the willingness of both sides to sit down and discuss the issues they were facing and how they needed to be addressed. There had been key players on both sides, behind-the-scene people who were working to end apartheid and establish equality. In his novel, Tomorrow is Another Country, Allister Sparks takes us into the important events that happened in this time that made it possible for apartheid to end and who had had a hand in creating the new government in place today. In writing his novel, Sparks had interviewed those who had played an important role in ending apartheid in the country and creating a new system. The novel started with a meeting between Kobie Coetsee, the minister of justice, and Nelson Mandela in 1985. Soon, these meetings involved government officials, intelligence officials, and the African National Congress by 1986. Over the next four years, they met in places such as Lucerne, Switzerland, and even a hospital room. These characters included those who had been in contact with Nelson Mandela during his imprisonment on Robbens Island and also those who had helped to establish contact between the Afrikaners and the exiled African National Congress. In this novel, Sparks explains how apartheid...

Bisect and Dissect

Bisect and Dissect Bisect and Dissect Bisect and Dissect By Simon Kewin Its tempting to think that dissect and bisect mean the same thing : to cut something in two. After all, the bi- and di- prefixes both convey the meaning of â€Å"two† or â€Å"twice†. So we have bicycle (with two wheels) and dioxide (with two oxygen atoms). In fact only bisect means to cut in two. A line cutting through a circle would be said to bisect it. A river might bisect a city. The prefix of dissect is not di-, however, but dis- meaning â€Å"apart†. Its the same prefix as in words such as disintegrate (to break up into small parts) and dismember (to cut the limbs from something). Dissect means to methodically cut something into pieces rather than to merely cut it in two. So, for example, organs might be dissected in order to find out how they work. Dissect has also acquired the more figurative meaning of studying something in great detail without any literal cutting taking place. Thus a statement or report might be â€Å"dissected† to see if it contains any inconsistencies or inaccuracies. When the two words are mixed up, generally it’s the case that dissect is used when bisect is meant. Sometimes dissect is misspelled â€Å"disect† to add to the confusion. Only bisect means to cut something into two parts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Social vs. SocietalComma After Introductory Phrases

GENETICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

GENETICS - Essay Example Myra was diagnosed with cancer at the age of 48, indicating that it is likely that her cancer was sporadic rather than inherited, however this does not rule out the possibility of the cancer being heritable. In contrast, her mother died from cancer at a ‘young’ age, which suggests the possibility that this was an inherited susceptibility. The fact that there is a chance that the susceptibility may have been inherited means that I would have raised the possibility of a referral with Myra on the basis of her family history alone. The presence of a defective gene, which can be passed from parent to child, results in the child having up to an 80% probability of getting cancer at some point in their lifetime . There are many benefits to genetic counselling, including an increased understanding of whether the disease is inherited and what the chances that offspring will inherit it are . Many different things are inherited genetically; a child may inherit his mother’s bl ue eyes, or his father’s nose shape as well as the susceptibility to a particular disease that is present on his father’s side of the family. ... Many people consider that a child is ‘more like his mother’ or ‘more like his father’ based on their physical appearance. However, while this is a common belief it is not true, children inherit approximately half of their DNA from their mother and half from their father (only approximately due to the presence of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA) . Consequently, while the gene for breast cancer susceptibility (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2) may have an increased likelihood of being inherited with a feature of appearance such as hair colour, there is no basis for believing that a child has an increased likelihood to inherit susceptibility because of the presence of particular physical characteristics. Individuals have a wide range of beliefs about the origins of disease, many of which do not agree with the known scientific basis. These beliefs are based on factors such as prejudice, tradition and ignorance of the scientific basis for inheritance. Some factors t hat are often considered to be causative of disease include education, economic class, and weight . Consequently, Myra attributing the similarity in physical characteristics to a similarity in disease susceptibility does not have strong scientific basis, however, matches trends that are seen in the population, especially among lay people. Scenario Two Being able to work with colleagues and patients who have different cultural beliefs is an important part of nursing, especially in modern society. It is not enough to promote our own, predominantly Westernised, views on the rest of the world without considering their viewpoints and different expectations . In recent years, there has been a trend towards increasing cultural awareness and the development of cultural

Hospers' Meaning and Free Will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hospers' Meaning and Free Will - Essay Example According to Hospers, acting based on free will is conscious yet such event is directed by unseen wires hidden within human unconsciousness at a depth which guides the main course of hatred or desire to do something that may set the person free. By this argument as well, Hospers states that one cannot be held responsible for an action resulting from a decision governed by the unconscious drive no matter how deliberately done in the process. Though a person sees and is aware of what he actually does, there emerges a series of rationalizations in an attempt to explain this while one is absent in the realization that as he acts in conscious effort or free will, it is the unconscious or the inner clockwork that takes control. Similarly, Hospers maintains the proposition that because this is so, it is the act that must be accountable and not the man to answer for his state of being since his conscious approach serves only as a vehicle to deliver the ends brought about by the unconscious motivation. Within the latter, Hospers assumes that the key to its impact relies upon the shared functions of the ‘id’ by which the wants are acknowledged, the ‘superego’ that typically contradicts the ‘id’, and the unconscious ego which through compromise, keeps these two in proper balance. In support of his position, the professor opens the subject by designating freedom in certain contexts where it may come to mind a full comprehension in relation to the nature of an act. He argues that ambiguity exists in claiming that a voluntary act is free. Hospers does not completely abolish the possibility of being inclined to the thought that all voluntary acts are free or conversely, that free acts are voluntary, he clarifies however that this is limited in scope due to subjective human preference which distinguishes acts that are voluntary from those that are not even if both could be initiated by freedom.  

Biological Determinism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biological Determinism - Essay Example Biological determinism is an invalid theory that is maintained in the popular culture to serve various extremist political ends. Biological determinism contends that our genetic makeup is responsible for our appearance, mental condition and abilities, our destiny, and the choices that we make in our day-to-day life. In addition, the theory argues that our environment and social interactions have at most only a minimal effect on shaping our social being. For example, advocates of the theory believe that genetics controls our predisposition to use alcohol, exhibit violent behavior, or become aggressively greedy. The theory makes it easy to place the responsibility for academic achievement differences among the races on biology, rather than confront an educational system that disadvantages many minority students (Naiman 31). The theory states that the role of genetics is so pronounced that the person will have no choice but to act on these forces and become the product of their DNA. Most modern thinking has discounted the effects of biological determinism and though they acknowledge its existence, they limit its inevitability.

Html Stands For Hypertext Markup Language Information Technology Essay

Html Stands For Hypertext Markup Language Information Technology Essay Create a form as display below. The form should be able to have the input tag as together with the option to be chosen from and radio buttons as an option as well. Finally the email should be able to send an email to any respective mail address Design the following diagram with the needed element include in it. It should consist frames and shadow as per display. Introduction Before I start my assignment which is based on the subject that has been listed in the assignment, I would give a brief introduction about the subject that I learn know. The subject that I want to introduce is web programming. Many developers and programmers face the dilemma of how to start a web development project. While many developers can create large desktop applications easily, they are not proficient in creating web applications. Most of the developers have some level of familiarity with HTML and the deployment of static pages on the web server. HTML stands for hypertext markup language, and it is the language in which, until recently, virtually all web pages were written. Now, dont break out in hives when u hear the word languange.You dont need complex logical or mathematical formulas to work with HTML, and you dont need to think like a programmer to use it. Computer programming must think through the tasks that they want their programs to perform, and then develop an elaborate. Hypertext refers to the way in which web page HTML documents are linked together. When you click a link in a web page, you are using hypertext. It is the system of linking documents that has made the World Wide Web the global phenomenon it has become. The first step toward understanding and working with HTML is learning the basic term that describes most of the function of this language. You will come across these terms repeatedly as you use HTML and if you understand them, you will have progressed a long way towards comprehending HTML. The question 1 is about HTML form is section of a document containing normal content, markup, special elements called controls as checkboxes, radio buttons and menus. Also labels on those controls. Users generally complete a form by modifying its controls like entering text and selecting menu items. Then it will before submitting the form to an agent for processing. Example like to a Web server and to a mail server. The question 2 is about the HTML Tables with the In my second question of assignment that ask how design the following diagram with the needed element include in it and it and should consist frames and shadow as per diagram. Than on the diagram that show Olympia college centres in on big rectangle box and the side with small rectangle boxes of the campus such as Kuala lumpur, Penang, Kuantan and other, following with the shadow boarder.Next,the codes I create for this diagram is start with .Cell spacing is the pixel width between the individual of the data cell in the table. The thickness of the lines making in the table grid and the default is zero, even if the boarder is set at zero, the cell spacing lines will be invisibles. Than, cellpadding is the pixal space between the cell of the contents and the cell boarder. The defaults of these properties also zero, furthermore, this feature is not used often, but sometimes comes in hardly when you have your boarders bit for make easy viewing. In additional,cellpadding is invisible, even with the boarder properties turned on. The width is make sure how size of the width that we can adjust the diagram.Moreover,the second codes line i create is Olympia college centres ,row span is set how many rows a cell span can get a little confusing because its requires our to think through how the cell affect the rows after the row it start in and its particular useful in this situation to add boarders to the table during the design process, even if the table wont early use boarder. HTML frames allow authors to show the documents in a variety of views, which may be independent windows or sub windows. Some views offer designers a way to keep certain information visible, while others display a scrolled or replaced. For example, in the same window, one frame might display a static banner, a second a navigation menu, and the third the main document that can be scrolled through or replaced by navigating in the second frame. One other hand In HTML, frames allow you to present some of the HTML document in the same window. For example, you may have left frame for navigation and the right to the main content. In additional frame all by making the networking sites and defining each frame of the page. Site is in fact the network does not contain any content just a reference for each frame. HTML frames are used to determine each frame in the frameset, all tagged frames with tags nested frameset. moreover, if you want to create a web page with 2 frames, you will need to create three files one file for each frame, and a file to determine how they fit together.Finaly,the following codes will be the campus central. Conclusion After completing my assignment, I have finally come into a conclusion in the end. I now know what is the purpose of a html and the role that a web page cheeks used in web programming. In HTML I get more knowledge about that, so I also understand the creations of html when used for the web page.Furtermore, in this assignment I know the method of html what is the radio button, text box, email by url. On the other hand, my second question is I study and understand about the how to display the table and from this question i search some web to helpful my question to create this diagram to show the output of the diagram in web page other than that my lecture also help and guide me in this assignment. In additional get more knowledge idea to create this assignment. As a result we need to upgrade the html time to time to make sure our work will be done successful without any problem.Finally, in this assignment makes me clearness more detail about html and web. Appendix

The Marginalization of Minority Groups in The Electoral System Essay

The marginalization of minority groups in the electoral system impedes a comprehensive representation by further entrenching and aggravating ethnic division. The lack of minority representation in political-decision making has limited the ability of a true representative democracy to come into fruition. The inconsistency of elected assemblies mirroring the population has decreased the representation of ethnic minorities and deepened the racial and ethnic cleavages. Reforming the electoral system to accommodate proportional representation will not only enhance interethnic relations, but also ensure that racial, ethnic, and social diversity is reflected in national leadership. This paper will aim to create to create a strong electoral system that promotes the sustainability and longevity of democracy amidst racial and ethnic cleavages. To do so, I will show that proportional representation under parliamentary system can not only bridge the gap between underrepresented minorities and na tional leadership, but also ensure that there is a more equitable diffusion of power. I will focus on outlining the essential components of proportional representation to provide the framework for my argument. Assessing the tenets of this type of democracy will elucidate its distinguishable factor that makes it apt to curb this challenge. In addition, the assertions of Linz, Cheibub, and Lijphart will substantiate my argument that a parliamentary system, unlike a presidential system, can allow greater proportional representation of all minorities. To ensure a more balance and equitable representation of the candidate pool, I will argue the necessity of employing a Single Transferable vote. While many may see the flexibility and lack of stability in par... ...stem must be constructed that not only strengthens civil society, but also ensures its equal representation. Under this mode of governance, not only will there me a more equitable representation of all minorities, but also the ideals of democracy and constitutional liberalism can be sustained. As stated by Fidel Ramos, â€Å"Governments may come and go, but the people remain. It is the majesty of people power that we exalt when we build functioning and free electoral systems.† It is of utmost importance for the electoral system to be not only, the voice of the people, but also be an outlet from which the interests and pleas of society can be expressed and manifested into legislation. While proportional representation does have it flaws, its ability to truly represent the choices of the electorate will create an egalitarian representation and a successful democracy.

The American Response to the Holocaust

The Holocaust is considered as one of the most violent and controversial events in the history of the world. This was a time which showed the devastating oppression and persecution of the Jewish people. Because of it, the United States of America was forced to take drastic measures against the Nazi Regime. Nevertheless, the expected response coming from the U. S. was futile. It is very interesting to analyze as to the reasons behind the events during that time, especially with how the United States of America responded.The Holocaust is described as the â€Å"systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators† (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2008). The word â€Å"Holocaust† originated from a Greek word, which means â€Å"sacrifice by fire. † In January 1933, the Nazis hold authority in Germany. They believed that the Germans belong to a superior race and the Jews are believed to be inferior as compared to them. The Jews are also perceived as a threat to the German race, which is the reason the Nazi regime ordered the annihilation of the Jews.The German also attacked other groups that they deemed as racially inferior like the gypsies, disabled, and some Slavic people. Moreover, other groups were also targeted due to ideological and behavioral reasons such as the Communists, Socialists, and even homosexuals (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2008). During the Second World War, the United States of America did not even attempt to rescue the Jews and other victims of the holocaust as this was not included in their list of priorities.Even the people responsible in the policy making process of the allied forces also did not know how would they be able to implement a rescue operations for these victims. The difficulties in aiding for these people are largely due to the problem of obtaining visas for them to the United States.The ideas of anti-s emitism or the prejudice against Jews, isolationism, xenophobia or the fear of foreigners as well as the situation of economic depression and the refugee policy of the U. S. State Department led by Cordell Hull made the entry of refugees in the country very problematic (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2008. The U. S. immigration policy indeed had an adverse effect in rescuing the people under the German atrocities and this is clearly seen in the incident of the S. S. St. Louis.When St. Louis sails from Hamburg to Havana, there were 937 Jewish refugees on board who were trying to escape the German persecution. Each refugee has a valid visa that would allow them to enter Cuba temporarily.However, as the boat arrived in Havana the Cuban government announced that the visas were invalid and prohibited their entry into the country. Negotiations were made with the Cuban government as well as with the U. S. government to allow the refugees to enter their countries but these did not succeed. The boat stayed for 12 days in the port of Havana and then in Miami afterwards it was forced to return to Europe. As a consequence majority of the passengers died in the duration of the war (Glazer, 2006).The Roosevelt administration also did not do much efforts to aid the victims as well as the refugees of the Nazi because they deemed that the best means to save these people is by winning the war against Germany as quickly as possible. It was only when the refugee problem was worsening that President Roosevelt established the War Refugee Board, an independent agency that has the responsibility of saving the Nazi's civilian victims. However, the agency rescued refugees coming from the free zones instead of the territories invaded by the Nazis (Glazer, 2006).In the spring of 1944, the Allied governments were already aware of the massive gassings that are taking place in Auschwitz-Birkenau. Jewish leaders have already begged the U. S. government to destroy the gas chambers a s well as the railways towards the camp. Instead, the U. S. air force bombs the Auschwitz-Monowitz industrial complex that is five miles away from the gas chamber. The reason behind such decision is due to the fact that not bombing the gas chamber and the railways leading to it is was part of the United States' wartime policy (Glazer, 2006).Basically, rescuing the victims of the holocaust especially the Jewish population is highly dependent in the wartime policy of the U. S. It is just unfortunate that rescue operations are not a priority in their policy. There have been efforts coming from the American Jewish community to saved their fellow Jews who were being persecuted but they, were afraid that this would result in a stronger feeling of domestic anti-semitism and jeopardizing their relationship with the Roosevelt administration.The lack of interest of the U. S. government in rescuing the victims of the holocaust is the primary reasons such efforts only fell on deaf ears (Glazer, 2006).References Glazer,S. D. (2006). Winning the War. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http//myjewishlearning.com/history_community/Modern/Overview_The_Story_19141948/The_Holocaust/AmericaResponds. htm.United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (2008). The Holocaust. Retrieved July 5, 2008, from http://www. ushmm. org/wlc/article. php? lang=en&ModuleId=10005143.

Hawthorne Studies (Organisational Behaviour)

HAWTHORNE STUDIES The most important contribution to the human relations movement within organizational behavior came out of the Hawthorne studies undertaken at western electric company’s Hawthorne works in Chicago in between 1924 and 1932. Main researches were Elton Mayo, Dickson, Whitehead, and Rothlisberger. The researchers originally set out to study the relationship between productivity and physical working conditions. They conducted various researches in four phases with each phase attempting to answer the question raised at the previous phase.The four phases were; 1. Experiments to determine the effects of changes in illumination on productivity; Illumination experiments (1924-27) 2. Experiments to determine the effects of changes in hours and other working conditions on productivity; Relay assembly test room experiments (1927-28). 3. Conducting plant wide interviews to determine worker attitudes and sentiments, Mass interviewing program (1928-30). 4. Determination and analysis of social organization at work; Bank wiring observation room experiments (1931-32). Illumination experiments:-The experiments began in 1924 and extended over several years. The purpose was to examine the relation of quality and quantity of illumination to efficiency of industrial workers. Control and experimental groups were established. The experimental group was presented with varying illumination intensities, while the control group worked under a constant intensity. The researches were surprised to see that productivity increased to roughly the same rate in both the test and control groups. It was only in final experiment, where they decreased illumination levels to 0. 0f foot candle (roughly moonlight intensity) that an appreciable decline in output occurred. The engineers concluded that illumination intensity was not directly related to group productivity, but they could not explain the behavior they had witnessed. Relay assembly test room experiments:- Relay assembly test room experiments were designed to determine the effect of changes in various job conditions on group productivity as the illumination experiments could not establish relationship between intensity of illumination and production.For this purpose, the researchers set up a relay assembly test room and two girls were selected. These girls were asked to choose four more girls as company-workers. Following ere the changes and the resultant outcomes; 1. The incentive system was changed so that each girl’s extra pay was based on the other five rather than output of larger group. The productivity increased as compared to before. 2. Two five-minute rests –one in morning session and other in the evening session – were introduced which were increased to ten minutes.The productivity increased. 3. The rest period was reduced to five minutes but frequency was increased. The productivity decreased slightly and the girls complained that frequent rest intervals affected the rhythm of the work. 4. The number of rest pauses was reduced to two of ten minutes each, but in the morning, coffee or soup was served along with sandwich and in the evening, snack was provided. The productivity increased. 5. Changes in working hours and workday were introduced. Productivity again increased.As each change was introduced, absenteeism decreased, morale increased and less supervision was required. Mass interviewing program During the course of experiments, about 20,000 interviews were conducted between 1928 and 1930 to determine employee’s attitude towards company, supervision, insurance plans, promotion and wages. Initially these interviews were conducted by means of direct questioning but later it was changed to non-directive interviewing where interviewer was asked to listen to instead of talking, arguing or advising.During the course of interviews, it was discovered that worker’s behavior was being influenced by group behavior. Bank wiring observatio n room experiments The concluding study at Hawthorne was significant because it confirmed that the importance of one aspect of the informal organization on worker productivity. Specifically, the researchers studied workers in the bank wiring room and found the behavioral norms set by the work group had a powerful influence over the productivity of a group. The higher the norms, the greater the productivity.The lower the norms, the lower the productivity. The power of the peer group and the importance of the group influence on individual behavior and productivity were confined in the bank wiring study. Findings ?Workplaces are social environments and people are motivated by much more than economic self-interest. ?The girls were allowed to have a friendly relationship with their supervisor and they felt happier at work. ?They felt like part of a team when changes were discussed in advance with them. Flowing from the findings of these investigations he came to certain conclusions as fo llows: Work is a group activity. oThe social world of the adult is primarily patterned about work activity. oThe need for recognition, security and sense of belonging is more important in determining workers' morale and productivity than the physical conditions under which he works. oA complaint is not necessarily an objective recital of facts; it is commonly a symptom manifesting disturbance of an individual's status position. oThe worker is a person whose attitudes and effectiveness are conditioned by social demands from both inside and outside the work plant. Informal groups within the work plant exercise strong social controls over the work habits and attitudes of the individual worker. oThe change from an established society in the home to an adaptive society in the work plant resulting from the use of new techniques tends continually to disrupt the social organization of a work plant and industry generally. oGroup collaboration does not occur by accident; it must be planned an d developed. If group collaboration is achieved the human relations within a work plant may reach a cohesion which resists the disrupting effects of adaptive society.