Black Death Cause and Effect Essay Example for Free

Dark Death Cause and Effect Essay The Bubonic Plague or the Black Death has been in the history books since the medieval occasions. This fatal ailment has asserted almost 1. 5 million lives in Europe (Gottfried). The Black Death hit Europe in October of 1347 and immediately spread through the vast majority of Europe before the finish of 1349 and proceeded to Scandinavia and Russia during the 1350s. Not exclusively did the plague impact the European populace by murdering 33% to 66% (Gottfried), it additionally hurt the social and monetary structures of each European culture. How it spread The Black Death in reality originally showed up in the Himalayan district around 1250 AD. There are a few hypotheses with regards to how the malady advanced toward Europe. One hypothesis is that since the plague is transmitted from a nibble of a bug, that insects that lived on marmots that were indigenous to the locale were the first transporters (Clay,1). The principal recorded appearance of the plague in Europe was at Messina, Sicily in October of 1347. It was accepted to have shown up on exchanging ships that originated from the Black Sea, past Constantinople and through the Mediterranean (Gottfried). This course was accustomed to bring import things, for example, silks and porcelain, which were conveyed overland to the Black Sea from as distant as China (Gottfried). Nobody know the specific purpose of source of the Black Death however what most researchers will concur with is that the ailment arrive at Europe by rodents. The explanation given was because of the climatic moves in the region which caused a deficiency of food. The illness ridden rodents’ movement put them in contact with human populaces, accordingly, placing people in contact with the malady conveying insects. Such a significant number of individuals were affected in light of the fact that a great many people lived in very packed and restricted spaces. This likewise made waste removal an issue, which made individuals simply tip their loss out the window of their home, bringing the rodents. Since everybody was so close, the bugs could without much of a stretch contaminate many individuals in a single day, so nobody was protected (Gottfried). The individuals that managed to get away from death was because of the way that their invulnerable frameworks having the option to withstand the plague (Gottfried). Kinds of Plague What murdered such huge numbers of wasn’t because of only one sort of plague going around; The illness that crushed Europe was brought about by three unique sorts of plague: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Every one of the three are bacterial diseases brought about by Yersinia pestis (Gottfried). The most widely recognized structure was the bubonic plague. Insects that lived on the plague-contaminated rodents spread the bubonic plague (Gottfried). Following 6 days individuals who were contaminated with this strain would create influenza like side effects and pulse drops, pulses quicker, and an abrupt fever ejects, joined by chills, shortcoming, and cerebral pain. Next, a dark discharge filled knock encompassed by an aggravated red ring appears at the spot that was nibbled (Gottfried). The lymph hub would start to expand with discharge. At the point when the augmented lymph hubs would blast they would likewise emanate dim shaded blood and discharge. This is the manner by which the name Black Death came to be instituted (Vunguyen). A second kind of plague was that of pneumonic. This plague could spread with a wheeze and could rapidly bounce from individual to individual and however it was less regular than the bubonic structure, yet progressively destructive. This structure was contracted through taking in a changed, airborne strain of the microorganisms. The tainted individual would encounter liquid structure up in the lungs. This exceptionally tragic situation would, thusly, cause suffocation of the tainted person. This specific type of the microbes would cause demise inside a brief timeframe length, generally a few days (Boeckl). The third kind of plague was speticemic plague. In spite of the fact that it was minimal regular out of the three, it was the deadliest. Septicemic plague was conveyed in the blood and was contracted uniquely through blood-to-blood contact. The individual tainted with this sort would build up a high fever however they would not create numerous outward manifestations that they had gotten the plague. The people who were contaminated with this last strain of the bacterium were generally dead inside 24 hours. Practically all who contracted either the pneumonic or septicemic plague kicked the bucket from the disease (Boeckl). Reasons for the Black Death The reasons for the Black Death †the bug, the rodent, and the bacillus Yersinia pestis†have been marked the â€Å"unholy trinity† (Boeckl). The insect can live in ecological states of about 74â ° Fahrenheit and 60% dampness (Ibid). Before the Black Death arrived at Europe, they were encountering those equivalent sorts of climate conditions. The rodent bug, Xenopsylla cheopis and the human insect, Pulex irritans, are both fit for transmitting plague (Boeckl). Some of the time, a tainted insect can't ingest blood on the grounds that Yersinia pestis impedes its stomach related tract. The blockage makes a bug spew into a nibbled have as opposed to ingest the host’s blood, along these lines contaminating the host with plague (Boeckl). Incapable to eat, the hungry insect will chomp with more recurrence, quickening the spread of plague. A bug can be conveying Yersinia pestis without it obstructing the flea’s stomach related tract, in which case the insect doesn't transmit plague when it nibbles a host. Likewise, Yersinia pestis can just enter a casualty through a nibble, as the bacilli can't go through flawless skin (Gottfried). Social Changes The ailment negatively affected the number of inhabitants in Europe yet as it cleared out networks it likewise caused changes in the social structure of European culture. Europe was controlled by a primitive framework (Vunguyen). As death incurred significant damage, individuals began to scrutinize the lifestyle. At the point when the Black Death cleared over Europe and cleared out 33% of its populace, it additionally destroyed Feudalism. The primitive framework was organized like a pyramid with the King being at the top and having full oversight. The King possessed everything; he had the ability to choose who he would rent the land to. On the off chance that he allowed a resident to rent some portion of his property, before doing so they needed to promise to a vow of faithfulness (Vunguyen). Individuals who rented the King’s land were called Baron/Baronesses (Vunguyen). The rented land was known as a house, and the Barons were frequently called the ‘Lord of the Manor’ (Vunguyen). They were permitted to set up their own arrangement of equity, mint their own cash and set their own duties. The Barons needed to serve on the illustrious gathering, pay lease and furnish the King with Knights for military help when he requested it as a byproduct of the land they had been given (Vunguyen). At the point when the King and his court went around the nation, the Barons additionally needed to give housing and food. The Barons kept as quite a bit of their property as they wanted, at that point partitioned the rest among their Knights (Vunguyen). Knights were given land by the Baron as a byproduct of military assistance when requested, and to secure the estate. The Knights kept as a great part of the land as they wanted for their very own utilization, and disseminated the remainder of it to serfs †in spite of the fact that they weren’t as rich as the Barons, Knights were very affluent (). Serfs were given land by Knights in return with the expectation of complimentary work, food and administrations at whatever point it was wanted. They had no rights and weren’t permitted to leave the Manor. They needed to ask their Lord’s consent before they could wed, and were regularly abused and poor (). The serfs or workers were a key gathering in the populace so when they began to cease to exist, everything went downhill. The serfs served everybody on the pyramid and now Barons were happy to pay higher wages and offer additional advantages (Vunguyen). For their entire life they had lived off the serfs’ difficult work, and were eager to pay them to remain on the house to keep slaving for them. At the point when the serfs kicked the bucket, the establishment on which feudalism depended upon was broken. The pyramid of intensity broke, and everything was a wreck. Serfs left to discover high wages because of the work deficiencies. The land that had ordinarily been the essential wellspring of riches was currently useless (Vunguyen). Whole homes were abandoned as families tumbled to the plague and kicked the bucket, or fled in a vain endeavor to get away from its rage, were ready and waiting (Vunguyen). As Europe advanced away from depending ashore as the principle wellspring of success, a rising white collar class asserted increasingly more riches and renown, as the once-honorable started to rapidly lose both (Vunguyen). The finish of Feudalism had begun and advanced every day as the plague guaranteed more lives. As the days went on individuals pondered, on the off chance that they expected to change the manner in which they lived or loved God. Many found that on the off chance that they kept on living and love as they had for a considerable length of time, the plague was not being mollified (Clay). This made numerous individuals forsake the lifestyle that they were acclimated with and picked an actual existence that diverged from accepted practices. An enormous gathering of individuals, urgent to point their fingers at somebody, claimed and blamed a wide range of ‘groups’ which included ‘witches,’ outsiders and Jews (Clay). In focal Europe, the flagellants convincingly charged the Jews. On a disastrous day in Strasbourg alone, more than 8,000 Jews were killed for being the objective of vain doubts (). This statement shows exactly how the brain of Europeans changed: Many were questionable about the reason for this incredible mortality. In certain spots, they accepted that the Jews had harmed the universes, thus they murdered them. In some different territories, that it was a deformation of poor people, so they pursued them out; in others, that it was the aristocrats, thus they [the nobles] faltered to go out into the world. At long last, it arrived at where gatekeepers were posted in urban areas and towns, and they allowed nobody to enter, except if he was notable. Also, in the event that they discovered anybody with powders or unguents, they made him swallow them, expecting that these may be harms (Clay, 2-3)†. Somebody who endure the plague composed â€Å"

A study guide free essay sample

Reviewing Criteria and Feedback Students will be set apart as indicated by the nitty gritty evaluating standards situated toward the finish of this area of the Subject Learning Guide. Criticism will be given to the gathering inside three weeks of the accommodation date. This criticism is to be fused into Assessment Task 2: Group Presentation. Portrayal of Task The appraisal task expects understudies to fundamentally assess the speculations of uncial bookkeeping. It offers the understudies the chance to exhibit their degree of comprehension of the calculated foundation to bookkeeping practice and guideline. So as to finish this errand, understudies will be apportioned to bunches from inside their instructional exercise. Evaluation Task multi week 8 20% The test will be led during the week 8 talk. Subtleties of the time and spot of the test will be given nearer to the date. Reviewing Criteria and Feedback The inquiries are intelligent requiring contribution from the understudy, in light of data provided. The understudies execution will be gotten to naturally by the framework and an imprint out of 10 will be allotted on finish of each online errand. We will compose a custom paper test on An investigation manage or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Whenever mentioned, input and extra assist will with being given by the teacher. Portrayal of Task The point of this appraisal task is to offer understudies the chance to show their degree of comprehension at the mid-purpose of the semester.This should feature to understudies whether they have to invest more energy drawing in with the subject material so as to have adequate comprehension to agreeably finish the subject. The test will contain Multiple Choice Questions ONLY and may incorporate inquiries from subjects 4, 5, 6 and 7. Understudies who neglect to sit the mid-semester test at the planned time will be granted zero (O) marks for this bit of appraisal. Appraisal Task 3 SILOS Assessed Students must give a short report to the speaker, before the introduction, itemizing how they have consolidated criticism from Assessment Task 1 into their introduction. Reviewing Criteria and Feedback gave to amass individuals in any event multi week preceding the last examination.Incorporating criticism got from Assessment Task 1, understudies are squired to introduce their discoveries from Assessment Task 1 to the instructional exercise gathering. Understudies will work in a similar gathering according to Assessment Task 1 and all gathering individuals are relied upon to take an interest in the oral introduction. Evaluation Task 4 1, 2,3 The assessment will be held during the test time frame. Understudies ought to counsel the assessment timetable for date, time and room subtleties. Evaluating Criteria and Feedback the finish of this area of the Subject Learning Guide. Understudies must acquire in any event 40% on the last assessment and accomplish a base total characteristic of half for the subject so as to increase a passing evaluation for the subject.The last grades in the subject and in every one of the appraisal errands will be allotted by the accompanying: AI-100% B: 70-79%C: 60 D: 50 N: 49% or less The last assessment will comprise of 15 minutes understanding time and 3 hours composing time. The last assessment will cover all pieces of the course, except if in any case prompted. It will comprise Of short answer hypothesis and handy inquiries requiring estimations and the chronicle of bookkeeping diary sections. Understudies won't be allowed to bring any printed or written by hand material into the last assessment. Understudies are permitted to welcome an on-programmable adding machine. Further insights about the configuration and permissible materials of the last assessment will be instructed nearer to the date with respect to the examination.Detailed Grading Criteria Assessment Task 1 : Group Report Criteria Standard (N, 0-49% and so on) (D, 50-59%, and so on) (C, 60-69%, and so on) (B, 70-79%, and so on) (A, 80-100%, and so on) 1. 1 Understanding of important speculations, disciplinary substance and guideline Inaccurate or improper decision/utilization of hypotheses. Neglected to apply or improperly applied Standards as well as rules Fair endeavor at utilization of hypotheses. Applied a few Standards and additionally rules fittingly Key speculations are applied in a suitable and direct way. Applied fitting Standards and additionally (rules to the fundamental issues. Sagacious and proper use of key speculations. Measures and additionally rules suitably applied to the issues Demonstrates coordination and advancement in the utilization of hypothesis.

I Could Never Do That!

I Could Never Do That! We lie to ourselves to justify our actions. The most offensive lie I told myself was that I could never do somethingâ€"That sounds great, but I could never do it!â€"thus making it impossible in my mind. Similarly, many people lie to themselves to justify their decision to not embark on their own minimalist journey: I could never be a minimalist because [fill in the blank]. But even after I became a minimalist, I told myself this lie. I said I could never stop buying stuff. Then, for a year, I stopped buying material goods. I could never quit my corporate job. Then, over time, I left that job after twelve years. I could never get rid of most of my clothes. Then, over time, I donated 90% of my clothes to Goodwill. I could never give up my daily routine. Then, over time, I replaced my routine with habits I love. I could never get rid of the home Internet or television or unused furniture. But then, over time, I did: I got rid of all these thingsâ€"and much more. Getting rid of the excess in my life has allowed me to focus on whats important: people, experiences, this moment. The truth is there are very few things I could never do. The same goes for you: minimalism is a continuum. My version is different from Ryans, whichll be different from yours. And thats okayâ€"minimalism isnt meant to be one-size-fits-all. So when you tell yourself I could never be a minimalist because [fill in the blank], what is your blank, and how could you erase it? Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Shakespeare Sonnet 4 - Analysis

Shakespeare’s Sonnet 4: Sonnet 4: Unthrifty Loveliness, Why Dost Thou Spend is interesting because it is as concerned with the fair youth passing on his attributes to his children as the preceding three sonnets. However, to achieve this, the poet uses money lending and inheritance as a metaphor. The fair youth is accused of being frivolous; spending on himself, rather than thinking of the legacy he could be leaving his children. The fair youth’s beauty is used as currency in this poem and the speaker suggests that beauty should be passed onto his offspring as a kind of inheritance. The poet again depicts the fair youth as quite a selfish character in this poem, suggesting that nature has lent him this beauty which he should pass on – not hoard! He is warned in no uncertain terms that his beauty will die with him which has been a recurrent theme in the sonnets. The poet uses business language to clarify his purpose and his metaphorical position. For example, â€Å"Unthrifty†, â€Å"niggard†, â€Å"usurer†, â€Å"sum of sums†, â€Å"audit† and â€Å"executor†. Discover the sonnet first hand here: Sonnet 4. Sonnet 4: The Facts Sequence: Fourth in the Fair Youth Sonnets  sequenceKey Themes: Procreation, death prohibiting the continuation of beauty, money-lending and inheritance, not leaving a legacy to offspring, the fair youth’s selfish attitude in relation to his own attributes.Style:  Written in iambic pentameter  in sonnet form Sonnet 4: A Translation Wasteful, beautiful young man, why do you not pass on your beauty to the world? Nature has lent you good looks but she only lends to those who are generous, but you are a miser and abuse the amazing gift you have been given. A money lender cannot make money if he does not pass it on. If you only do business with yourself you will never reap the benefits of your riches. You are deceiving yourself. When nature takes your life what will you leave behind? Your beauty will go with you to your grave, not having been passed on to another. Sonnet 4: Analysis This obsession with the fair youth procreating is prevalent in the sonnets. The poet is also concerned with the fair youth’s legacy and is committed to convincing him that his beauty must be passed on. The metaphor of beauty as currency is also employed; perhaps the poet believes that the fair youth would relate to this analogy more easily as we are given the impression that he is quite selfish and greedy and is perhaps motivated by material gains? In many ways, this sonnet pulls together the argument set out in the previous three sonnets, and arrives at a conclusion: The Fair Youth may die childless and have no way of continuing on his line. This is at the heart of the tragedy for the poet. With his beauty, the Fair Youth could have anyone he wanted, and procreate. Through his children, he would live on, and so too would his beauty. But the poet suspects that he will not use his beauty properly and die childless. This thought leads the poet to write  Thy unused beauty must be tombed with thee. In the final line, the poet considers that perhaps it is natures intention for him to have a child. If the Fair Youth can procreate, then this leads the poet to consider his beauty enhanced because it fits into the overarching plan of nature.

Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay - 729 Words

Imagine being an African American in the 1930’s where everyone was racist and thought you had no meaning to live or even get near them. Having everything separate from whites and where you were accused of anything or anything if you were near.This was how people in Maycomb County used to live in the 1930’s. In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† that is how most people lived except the Finch family who thought everyone was created equal no matter the color of their skin. When Cal took Scout and Jem to her church that was on the day Reverend Sykes wanted the church to give money to Tom’s wife and children while he was on trial. Even though the congregation hardly had enough money for themselves. â€Å" Reverend Sykes then said, I want all of you without†¦show more content†¦This does not happen nowadays because people don’t worry about their families coming in contact with African Americans and people treating them differently for helping them out . Even if it wasn’t their wrongdoing, just being near the problem they were the suspect for the problem. Such as when Mayella kissed and Tom got blamed â€Å" She was white, and she tempted a Negro. She did something that in our society is unspeakable: she kissed a black man† (Lee 272). Even if the African American did not create the problem and was led on by a white, they were blamed and their side of the story was never the truth. That is exactly what Mayella Ewell did to Tom Robinson but he’s the one who got blamed for the misdeed. This would never happen in today’s world because there is going to be someone who believes the African American’s side of the story. Racism from the 1930’s and racism from today has changed drastically. It has gone from every African American was like poison and if you touched or talked to them you were basically a dead a man. Most African Americans did not have money back then, but they still agreed to help out Tom Robinson’s family because they knew that the whites wouldn’t, but now all African Americans have to do is ask for the help and we will because we have changed how we treat them. Also the children don’t make fun of the other kids parents when they help an African American out like Cecil Jacobs did to Scout’s daddy. TheyShow MoreRelatedTo Kill a Mockingbird Essay About Racism795 Words   |  4 PagesBurrell Period 5 TKAM Essay 10/6/09 (Re-Write 10/24/09) To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee depicts racism in the 1930’s and shows the characters had to overcome challenges because of it. The 1930’s was a difficult time to live in because of racism against African Americans and the depression, where thousands of people lost their jobs. The idea â€Å"an extraordinary challenge can sometimes make an ordinary person into a hero† shows that anyone in To Kill a Mockingbird could have been a hero,Read MoreEssay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird970 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in the United States of America, especially the South, in the 1930s was exceptionally different from the racism that America is experiencing today. In the compelling novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird,† by Harper Lee, hating or disliking a person that has a different skin color was an extremely common thing, and was accepted as normal; especially in the southern states. The majority of white children were brought up to think that they were more superior than black children in their households, andRead MoreEssay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1212 Words   |  5 PagesRacism and Prejudice A person’s childhood can really affect the way they see the world. Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, is highly influenced by the life she lived as a little girl. She grew up in the small town of Monroeville, Alabama. She was born there in 1926 and recently passed away in February of 2016 (Lee). Harper Lee’s real name was Nelle (Nail), but everyone calls her Harper because she opted for Nelle to be left off of her first novel. Her parents named her after her grandmotherRead MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions, and more. Prejudice gained prominence in this era and the idea of racism was born. Most westerners seem to treat everyone that doesn’t fit their skin color and attributes as a worthy sufferer of hate. Racism would later flow through systems and societies of other countries, plaguing the population of ideas that make no sense and judge a population based on something one cannot control. One of the ma ny playing fields of racism was the United States in the 1900’s, even though slavery was eradicatedRead MoreEssay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird952 Words   |  4 Pages The courthouse in the book To Kill a Mockingbird is represented as an old, traditional setting in the deep south, and with traditions of the deep south comes racism. In giving Scout a lesson in how racism works, Atticus also does the same for the readers. On the syllabus of this conversation: the power of language, not only as a way to shame those who don’t toe on the racist line, but also to set the terms of the debate. Racists use â€Å"nigger-lover† to suggest African Americans special rights.,Read MoreEssay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird761 Words   |  4 Pages Have you ever been in a situation having to do with race? In the novel â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee, racism is a vital role in the time this story takes place. She wrote the story based on how racism was like in her eyes as a child. In my opinion, after reading her novel, racism still takes place in America many years later. The novel starts with the introduction of two kids that live with their lawyer father. They have an African American woman who works for them in their home all dayRead MoreEssay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1151 Words   |  5 Pagesacts and judgments of racism in To Kill a Mockingbird. Maycomb, Alabama, 1930s, a small town with a big story. Tom Robinson, discriminated and unequal, was seen as â€Å"just another nigger† in Maycomb. â€Å"Nigger†, â€Å"Chocolate†, â€Å"Colored†, racial slurs that began long ago, and are still used to this day. The White Supremacist Protest of Charlottesville, some white police officer shootings of black men, LeBron James’ home vandalized with racial slurs. The inhumane, disgusting racism today is just as inhumaneRead MoreRacism In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to a report from dosomething.org, in 2009, 2/3 of the criminals receiving life sentences were non-whites. This shows that racism is still going on today and in Harper Lees book, To Kill A Mockingbird. Her book takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama during the depression. The story is told by Jean Louise Finch, who goes by Scout. She lives with her brother named Jeremy Finch, or Jem, and their father named Atticus. He is an attorney and not afraid to stand up for what he believes inRead MoreEssay On Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1561 Words   |  7 Pagesdisproportionately make up more than half of the prison population. There is indisputable racism in this country, and the world of Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird displays this in a very obvious light. Racism has been around for centuries, it has changed and reformed itself. Racism cannot not be solved overnight, but it can be solved with positive and immediate steps and actions. Society as a whole is highly capable of overcoming racism. Therefore, the belief that it will never change and that the society willRead MoreRacism In To Kil l A Mockingbird Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove due to figures shining a light on the issues. Harper Lee is a highly respected character. She is able to show the effects and ugly side of racism in To Kill a Mockingbird. Throughout Lee brings out racism by using connections to the Jim Crow laws, mob mentality, and Scottsboro trials. The Jim Crow Laws are evident throughout To Kill a Mockingbird. They were fatal and obstructed many black people’s rights. The laws were originally meant to only separate the races and keep the conditions equal

Descriptive Essay Final Copy Free Essays

I grab my bag and a hair-tie from the vanity on my way Out the door, tying my waist-length brown hair in a knot as I hurry down the stairs. My nana stands at the stove, stirring the pot of gravy she is making for breakfast. Behind her stands my papaw, playfully yanking her ponytail every time she turns around. We will write a custom essay sample on Descriptive Essay Final Copy or any similar topic only for you Order Now At first glance one would think that they make an odd couple, with my nana being only five feet tall, with fox-red hair and hazel green eyes, in near perfect contrast to my papaw who is a large man, standing nearly six foot four, with eyes the color of the sky and white air that was once jet black. But as they laugh and play standing there in the kitchen, I know this place would mean nothing if they were any different. I slip on my boots at the door, and run across the field to the old wooden barn, its red has long faded, and the metal door handles are covered with rust. Reach out and grab the rusty handle and pull, hearing the ancient hinges creak and groan as the door opens. Walking into the barn can smell the fresh hay, and the lingering smell of the old moonshine still that sits in the corner, unattended for years, but left for the antique look. I climb the ladder to the loft, and wade through the piles of hay until reach the little door that opens onto the roof. Climb out onto the roof and walk to the end of the barn. There sit down, my leg hanging over the edge of the black shingled roof. I sit and watch as the deer run across the field, and as the train go by down next to the river. Reach in my bag and pull out my sketch pad and charcoals. I draw everything I see, the river, the birds, and the mountains. After I finish, climb down and run to the house; pause at the door, leaning own to pull off my boots. I open the door, and step into the kitchen, the floor is warm from the heat of the old white stove, causing tiny droplets of condensation to form on the speckled blue wallpaper. Nana has already set the table, her faded blue and white china resting in front of three chairs on the blue table cloth that covers the deep brown oak table. On each plate sit two biscuits, golden and gleaming with butter, accompanied by sausage and fried eggs. Grab the pot from the Stove and ladle the thick, creamy gravy onto everyone’s plates. The steam rises from each plate like a plume of smoke from a tiny fire, taking with it the wonderful smell of my nana’s cooking. As we sit down to eat, we join hands and my papaw gives the blessing; thanking God for the food he has provided on this day, and for forty years h?s had with the wonderful woman who cooked it. See my nana smile with love for my papaw, her head still bowed in prayer as we say ‘amen. ‘ As we raise our heads, I smile too, knowing that this place is filled with love and laughter and always will be. How to cite Descriptive Essay Final Copy, Essays

Explication of Mirror by Sylvia Plath free essay sample

â€Å"Mirror† by Sylvia Plath is a poem narrated from the perspective of a mirror. Within this poem, there is a clash between truth and perception. This idea is first presented through the form of the stanzas where the mirror is â€Å"silver and exact† (Plath 1) then when the mirror is â€Å"now [ ] a lake† (10). The poem then illustrates how even the truthful mirror has preconceptions. Then finally how the woman, who comes every morning to look in the mirror often deludes herself with â€Å"those liars, the candles or the moon† (12) and fails to see the truth. In the first stanza, the mirror is reflecting upon itself and says, â€Å"Whatever I see I swallow immediately/ Just as it is† (2-3). The mirror will always reflect back what it is shown; the cold, hard truth. Being awfully proud and arrogant, the mirror describes itself as â€Å"The eye of a little god† (5). This is ironic because the mirror has just been talking about how it is exact, with â€Å"no preconceptions† but it seems to already have a preconceived idea of itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Explication of Mirror by Sylvia Plath or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the second stanza, the mirror says â€Å"Now I am a lake† (10) when a woman looks into it. Mirrors and lakes are two very different things. One produces an exact image; while the other is more unsettling and complicated, containing more depth. The lake will reflect not only the outer appearance and perspective of the woman, it will show the unavoidable truth within her. The woman occasionally deceives herself with â€Å"the candles or the moon† (12) as candles often flicker, altering our perceptions on things. But after all those delusions, she can rely on the lake to â€Å"reflect [her] faithfully† (13). The lake believes that â€Å"She rewards [it] with tears and an agitation of hands. /[It] is important to her. She comes and goes† (14-15) which is yet another preconception. The lake does not see that the tears are tears of sorrow, yet recognizes it as some sort of reward. It also thinks that it is important to her, yet the woman is just using it to search for her true identity. She doesn’t really care about the mirror, she comes merely for the purpose of seeing herself and the mirror is just a tool. In the last two lines of this poem, the mirror says â€Å"in me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman/Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish† (17-18). The young girl that used to look into the lake has turned into an old woman and every day, that reflection is changing. The woman is no longer fooled by the preconceptions, but sees a bit more of the truth within the lake day after day. The terrible fish is used as a metaphor for the dark, ugly truth within every single person that we often do not see.

An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge And The Story Of An Hour Essays

An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge And The Story Of An Hour Perceptions In An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and The Story of an Hour, the authors use similar techniques to create different tones, which in turn illicit very distinct reactions from the reader. Both use a third person narrator with a limited omniscient point of view to tell of a brief, yet significant period of time. In An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Bierce uses this method to create an analytical tone to tell the story of Farquhar's experience just before death. In The Story of an Hour, Chopin uses this method to create an involved, sympathetic tone to relay the story of Mrs. Mallard's experience just before death. These stories can be compared on the basis of their similar points of view and conclusions as well as their different tones. In An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Ambrose Bierce recreates a few brief seconds of time for a man being executed whose cognition of these seconds is perceived as the better part of a full day. All that day he traveled? (paragraph 33). In The Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin relates a meaningful, yet unusual hour of time as the last one lived for a woman who has been given the news of her husband's death in a railroad disaster (paragraph 2). She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment? (paragraph 3). Both stories are centered on the powerful emotions that occur within the minds of the characters as they live out the last moments of their lives. The narrators reveal the most intimate thoughts of each character. In An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Bierce focuses on detail and the dramatic revelation of Farquhar's dying thoughts as he desperately tries to escape the hangmen. This creates a suspenseful journey that seems to see him freed from his noose and carried almost home to the loving arms of his wife. As these thoughts, which have here to be set down in words, were flashed into the doomed man's brain rather than evolved from it? (paragraph 7). This period of time in which we follow along in our minds seems to last through the day. In the end we find that the time was only in Farquhar's head and was really only the last few seconds of his life as he saw it before the rope broke his neck. However, the hanging is not the most significant part of the story because Bierce's third person narrator remains focused on the details of the perceived passing of the time rather than the action. Although the hanging is an action necessary to Farquhar's experience, it remains in the shadows of the sto ry, as we believe he escapes death and are drawn into his head to struggle with him towards home and freedom. This point of view entices the reader more deeply into the episode than would a less knowing point of view. Bierce plays a mind game with the reader that explores an impossible reality. Although it is not conceivable to be inside someone's head to experience his or her thoughts, Bierce's narrator does a commendable job of creating a fictional, yet believable example of this impossibility. Bierce's method allows the reader to become deeply intimate with the details of the profound occurrence of Farquhar's death. He creates a plethora of explicit suffering which contributes to the analytical tone. The reader is almost able to feel his pain as he is tortured by the hanging process. His neck ached horribly; his brain was on fire; his heart?gave a great leap, trying to force itself out at his mouth (paragraph 19). This process of the systematic progression of events from the perceived moment of hanging to the perceived moment of almost achieving freedom creates a fantastic narrative. In The Story of an Hour, Chopin also focuses on the experiences going on inside the character's head, but in realistically measured time. An hour passes while Mrs. Mallard believes she has lost her husband and gained her freedom. The joy she feels as a result

Dvorak keyboard essays

Dvorak keyboard essays The Dvorak keyboard layout has been slow to catch on due to lack of scientifically conclusive evidence that it is superior to the QWERTY sequence. The majority of positive test results seem to come from Dvorak himself, who had a financial and intellectual investment in his patent. Ergonomic studies did not support his superior claim for the layout. Tests done by the Department of the Navy were positive, but considering that Dvorak was also a Naval Officer, it is no wonder that endorsement was provided by the U.S. Navy. Businesses are slow to accept a change in an accepted standard due to the risks of rejection by competitors. The comparison of the two is very similar to the videotape format issue except that technically proved superiority is very questionable. Change to a historically accepted standard has always been a slow process. Supply and demand is still the cornerstone of marketing and demand for the Dvorak layout is small. It is even more so if the layout conversion is negle cted by the community that it is suppose to benefit: the professional typists. Early studies done by the U.S. General Services Administration in 1953 appear to give a more objective conclusion than that of Dvorak's work on his layout. It found that good typist are fast, regardless of the keyboard used. Looking at the future in keyboarding, it seems as though the skill itself will become somewhat of a historical remedy if voice recognition software ever becomes a standard for computer users. Even now, word processors increase the speed of most typists to a degree that such a change in a keyboard configuration would make little difference. As long as expert typists can average about 100 words a minute with QWERTY keyboards, the future for an alternative standard is bleak in the business world. The benefit does not outweigh the cost of change at this moment in time. ...

China Manufacturing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China Manufacturing - Essay Example heir goals and reach a compromise which allows both to achieve their needs but when negotiating with Chinese businessmen the playing field changes entirely. The Chinese businessman is suspicious of other Chinese businessmen especially that of western businessman. To reach the end of a compromise takes much effort and work for the westerners. The goal to perform a successful negotiation is to please the business owner and establish a friendship. The Chinese are living in a Collectivist society set by Communist rule. China has the lowest Individualism ranking when compared to other Asian countries (20 to 24). Chinese do not hold many close ties outside of their immediate family which places an importance to establish a trusting friendship with Chinese businessmen. Whenever a western businessman begins a negotiation, the Chinese businessman will relay the deal to his/her boss. This is also a reflection of the high score in Power Distance ranking. Lower members of a strata, a group, community or organization highly respects the authority. That is why when negotiating with the Chinese , it is assumed that the person would relay all the details to the boss. The boss will make a decision on the negotiation deal. He may require a meeting with the westerner. When in a meeting, it is crucial to know Chinese ethics. Certain areas of concern to the western businessman such as intellectual property is also a problem in China. Apparently, China is used to mass production and would mimic or copy any product at a lower price. Unlike westerners, they do not have much respect for intellectual property. Because of this, many western businessmen get upset when their product has been cloned or copied outright. It is therefore important for an American businessman to secure his own products legally unless he sees a copycat at a lower price. When it comes to manners, there are many things a businessman can do to humiliate a Chinese businessman. A western businessman must never

Integrated Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Integrated - Research Paper Example Every country has an art that belongs to their cultures. It is amazing to face the fact that they are all different and varies to the places they are located inside the globe. Japan, China and American Indian have different kinds of art and it is exciting to scrutinize each one of them, how they are related and the contrasts between their arts. This brief should answer the issue whether the differences of their art affect their relationships as a human being living in only one planet, the Earth. I choose to discuss this topic because I find the art of these three countries amazing and very unique. The art of Japan and China have a big influence to one another considering the fact they both belong to the yellow race and located both in Asia and American Indian art in the western part of the globe but could this influence the other two countries from Asia or vice versa? Japan, China, and American Indian art The art of each country is a reflection of its history and it changes on its ev ery transitions and periods. Each of them also has an effect to the world and there are cases where in arts of certain countries are adopted by its neighboring countries or even countries by the other side of the world. Paintings are very popular to these three countries and the only difference is the themes applied because this primarily depends in their respective history. Some arts that they have in common are Pottery, Sculptures, Carvings, Philosophy, Poetry, music, theatre, literature (Mark Schumacher, 2010). Japan and China The Dragon art originated in China and it symbolizes as the protector of the Buddhist Law. Imperial Power, Guardian of the Eastern Direction, etc. This art has a positive attributes to the Chinese. The dragon Art of Japan also originated in China. We can see and realized that the two countries, Japan and China share the same art considering that they are two different countries with two different cultures. And in fact, this art is very popular among the Asi an countries. It is believed that the enemy of the dragon is the Phoenix and a man known creature to be known as the Karura. In contrast to Western mythology, Asian dragons are considered wicked and malicious because it is said to transform to human and mate with human being. And also in the Western Mythology, dragons are considered an ordinary thing although sometimes fearful but it can bring them wealth and good fortune. There are also instances in the Western countries that the immortals are fighting to the bad dragons that are the reason why dragons from the western part of the glove are considered foreign ones by the Japanese and the Chinese. In China, The wisdom of dragon already exists even before Buddhism is introduced. Around 2nd century BC when the Dragon art was found curved on the tomb to dispel the bad spirits and it is also during this time that Buddhism is introduce to China. Until then that the dragon is considered as the protector of Various Buddha’s and its law. Both in China and Japan, dragon is use in temple names, carvings, painted on the assembly halls, etc (ChinaAbsolute Tours). Chinese history is 4000 years old, in comparison to the other cultures in the world, it isconsidered to be superior especially when it comes to technical perfection. It is considered that the Japan art is copied from China. It is the Buddhist Monk that introduces the Chinese art

Case Study: Ryanair | Analysis

Case Study: Ryanair | Analysis The report is mainly a case study analysis based on Eleanor OHiggins review of Ryanair conducted in 2007. However, other secondary research has been analysed and used to support the arguments put forward in this document. Purpose of this case study is to conduct a strategic analysis of environment and the industry as well as the company. Firstly I conducted a critical evaluation in-order to figure out the critical issues of the five restructurings of Ryanair. Next I have conducted an environmental scan to analyse the external and internal environment of the organization. Then I took my attention to carry-out a SWOT analysis in-order to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the firm that would shape the competitive advantage of Ryanair. In sorder to justify my argument I will be using strategic management models and theories such as, PESTEL analysis,Poters 5 forces model,Market segmentation analysis,Strategic grouping model, Value chain analysis etc.. After concluding the analysis I will deliver my recommendation for Ryanair. Overview of the Company Ryanair started in year 1985 with only 57 staff members and with one 15 seater turboprop plane from the south of east of Ireland to London-Gatwick which carried 5000 passengers on one route. In 1986, inspired from the story of the company go after the big guys for a slice of the action and end up smashing theor British Airways high fare cartel on the Dublin-London route. The staff increased from mere 57 to 120 staff members and the plane carried for about 82,000 passengers on two routes. In 1989, the company employed 350 staff and their average maximum passengers increased to 600,000. In 1990-1991, the company has 700,000 passengers. However, despite of the increase of passengers, the company is not so good in managing cost that the company has lose its money. A new management team is brought in to sort it out and re-launch as a low fares or no frills airline, closely modelling the Southwest Airlines model in the U.S. And in 1994, Ryanair bought its first Boeing 737 aircraft which carried over 1.5 million passengers. In 1995, Ryanair is the biggest passenger carrier on Dublin-London route, the largest Irish airline on every route being operate and carried 2.25 million passengers in the year. In 1997, the EU air transport deregulation allowed the airline for the first time to open up new routes to Continental Europe with over 3 million passengers on 18 routes carried. Ryanair launched services to Stockholm, Oslo, Paris and Brussels and took time out to float Ryanair plc on Dublin and NASDAQ Stock exchanges. The company was awarded as Airline of the Year in 1999 by the Irish Air Transport Users Committee. In 2000, they announced the launch of 10 new European routes for the summer 2000 after much deliberation and watching others burning money. The company has also jump onto the internet with the launch of their new online booking site and in just 3 months the site is taking over 50,000 bookings a week. By 2001 there are more than 1500 employees working for Ryanair and more than 10 million passengers are carried to 56 cities in 13 European countries. The company has opened Frankfurt-Hahn in 2002 as their second continental European base and announce a long term partnership with Boeing which will see the company acquiring up to 150 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft over an eight year period from 2002-2010. The booking in their web accounts have increased to 94% which has probably has something to do with opening another 26 routes. In year 2003, the company is characterised by rapid expansion and the start the year by announcing that the company has ordered an additional 100 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft to facilitate the rapid European growth plans. They acquired Buss from KL M in April and re-launched 13 buss routes in May. In February they opened their first base in Italy at Milan-Bergamo and launched their Stockholm base in Sweden with six new European routes. In all 60 new routes are added throughout 2003 to bring the company a total of 127 routes. By 2004, the company is named as the most popular airline on the web by Google and they launched their 10thand 11th bases in Rome Ciampino and Barcelona Girona and continue to add more routes to their already extensive network. The company has also passed out British Airways to become the UKs favourite airline in United Kingdom and throughout Europe. Critical Issues Although the company had encountered different problems, specifically in line with its cost structures, the company had been able to survive and grow in the marketplace. Ryanair implement different marketing strategy to make the company survive in the competition and to be able to gain competitive position in the airline market. It is said that the company was regarded recently as the most punctual airline between Dublin and London. And because of the strategy of the industry, Ryanair is now recognised as the second largest airline in United Kingdom and Europes largest low-fares airline having a network of over 57 routes in 11 countries and served by a fleet of 31 Boeing 737-200 and -800 aircraft with over 1,400 staffs and personnel. In order to position itself in the marketplace the company continuously concentrates on driving own its costs to offer the lowest fares possible and remain profitable. In addition, Ryanair offer minimum standards of service and very low prices for point-to-point, short haul flights. The goal of Ryanair is to meet the needs oftravellingat the lowest price. The Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are as follows in airline industry: the strategic focus of having the lowest prices, being reliable within the marketplace, comfort and service and frequency. It is noted that low-cost companies concentrate on this first critical success factor by trying to offer the lowest prices. Although Ryanair has eliminated extras such as in-flight meals, advanced seat assignment, free drinks and other services, it still prioritises features which remain important to its target market. Such features include frequent departures, advance reservations, baggage handling and consistent on-time services.(Ryanair vision,mission,goals and objects has been elborated in Appendix 01 External Environmental Analysis By using a PESTEL Analysis we scan the macro environmental factors that would influence the performance of an organization. It is often used to generate market ideas and product ideas. PESTLE Analysis of Ryainair (P)olitical/(L)egal Change of government/policy Ryanair have been involved in various legal disputes with governments both in this country and the EU regarding their business deals with airports and airline regulatory bodies Political changes in countries where they have routes to (could also be affected by above point) Governments in countries they fly to may support their own flagship carrier Local councils objecting to noise and new runways being built as in past Governments looking to increase tourism might welcome Ryanair and therefore act in their favour. (E)conomic Potential economic recession, Irelands economy has already been stated as growing however this may suddenly change. Because of above main customers wouldnt fly for business as would be cost cutting Energy and fuel costs are cause of uncertainty Economic change within countries they fly to or would hope to open new routes to, for example war with Iraq has shut off any hope of tourism there for the foreseeable future and other factors such as SARS (OHiggins, 2004) and more recently, Bird Flu. (S)ocial Because of economic growth at the moment it has become normal to fly away for holidays therefore market has expanded and new opportunities for tourism have opened in previously unconsidered countries. Business trips, although Ryanair do not offer luxury they are possibly more attractive because less cost to a company means they can travel more frequently. Lower costs means attract a wider demographic of consumer (T)echnological Main threat to business market is video conferencing To a lesser extent VOIP Online check-in, self service check in at airport OHiggins, (2004) discusses that Ryanair currently have a fleet of mainly Boeng 737s which are one of the best known and used commercial aircraft. Thus, the company is able to obtain spares and maintenance services on favorable terms thanks to economies of scale, limit costs of staff training and offer flexibility in scheduling aircraft and crew assignments (E)nvironment Using more environmentally- friendly aircraft. Aviation represents 2.6 per cent of carbon emission in the EU and airline industry should pay environmental taxes for the contribution they make to global warming. Deploying more efficient aircraft that use less fuel and produce less pollution. Industry Analysis Industry can effects profitability and the competitive positions of members. To identify it we can use, Market Segmentation Ryanair lay claim to their market segment by stating they were Europes first no frills airline, www.ryanair.com. Ryanair have made strategic decisions based on increasing their competitive edge, the main one becoming involved in attracting customers at both ends of their routes. Haberberg and Rieple , support this by showing that Ryanairs key source of revenue from as far back as a decade ago has been in enticing passengers from France, Italy and Scandinavia. This has had the advantage of increasing their market share as well as the added bonus of creating a well recognised brand name across Europe. Competitive Advantages Their main competitors are carriers including easyJet, BMI baby, FlyBe and ThomsonFly all of who try to attract potential customers by emphasizing their low cost tickets. This makes the competition in this market segment fierce as in order to offer the lowest fares, costs must also be kept to a minimum. The well discussed fact that Ryanair possesses a more than favourable relationship with airport operators has benefited the carrier in a time of industry growth and aggressive pricing. The carrier continues to pay little or no costs despite being the focus of the EU Commission in February 2004, which ruled that Ryanair had been receiving illegal state subsidies for its base airport at publicly-owned Charleroi Airport, OHiggins (2004). Ryanair and the airport in question defended themselves by declaring they paid a fee for every customer and therefore complied with the EU state aid rules. OHiggins (2004) claims that Michael OLearys main argument was that the state aid rules allow the Wallonian government to stimulate traffic at an unused airport facility in exactly the same way that every private airport reduces its charges it if wishes to grow its business. However, although these decisions by the EU Commission went against Ryanair, it also made them even more of a household name across the EU. The free publicity was an added bonus, as well as the position Ryanair took, of being almost a savior of the lesser known airports, bringing them trade and tourism and then being persecuted for it. Porters Five Forces Model Porters five forces analysis is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It uses concepts developed in Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces which determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. Porters five forces model has been fully elaborated more on Appendix 02 Threat of substitutes is medium for Ryanair and is basically in the form of land,travel. Barganing power of buyer is high as low budget air travel is almost a commodity today and carriers are many. Buyer are well informed at prices and deals via internet and other mediums. Barganing power of the suppliers as Ryanair with its large scale holds the power to switch suppliers and demand better terms, especially to cut cost.Threat of new entrants is medium- as entrance to tarvel industry needs special licenses etc as well as high capital investments.Existing Rivalry is high with Ryanair competing against national carriers as well as low budget carriers for their share of market. Overall the industry witch Ryanair in is of medium attractiveness. Strategic Group Analysis The value of strategic group analysis as a tool for understanding industry dynamics and structure. Studing strategic groups, but that the analysis can help a firm in effort to understand the industry in which it competes and to identify its most relevant competitors. Internal Environmental Analysis Resources There are two kind of resources, tangible and intangible again movin further it can be categarise as financial, human, physical resources. Physical Resiurces and Human Resources has been fully elaborated more on Apendix 03 Financial Resources In the low cost structured airline industry Ryanair was the highest profit making airline.(ratioes has been fully elaborated on Appendix 04) Value Chain Analysis An analysis of an organisations resources can include its financial, physical, human, intellectual and reputational resources. In the deployment of these resources, it is also important to understand the competences and core competences of an organization. Porters (1985) value chain concept is an important part of this process. Ryanair strongly manages and forms relationships with various suppliers e.g. Boeing and food/beverages etc, to ensure goods are received of requirement standards and on time in-order to add value throughout its value chain In addition to this by forming strong relationships with Boeing, they are able to obtain spares and maintenance on favorable terms reducing costs, thus offering lower prices to passengers and safer flights (adding value). In-order to add substantial value for its service by providing low-fares, they closely monitors relationships with airports around Europe, so they provide subsidies to the airliner in order for them to provide low-fares and seen as adding greater value for customers. Furthermore they have agreed with these airports to provide storage hubs as to when a plane enters these sites its automatically refueled and beverage/duty free products are reloaded at negotiable prices reducing costs and quicker turnaround timing is achieved, thus seen as adding val ue. For the airliner to provide low-fares to consumers it contracts staff for aircraft handling, ticketing and baggage handling to third parties at competitive rates as well as engine repairs and heavy maintenances of its aircrafts. Thus reduces direct exposure to employee relationships and disputes reducing costs all through value chain. Additionally, to add greater value for customer, the aircraft staff e.g. pilot, cabin-crew, they holds close relationships, giving the right training making them competent enough to feel confident to answer on flight questions. The airliner has a commission placed for its aircraft crew linked with the sales of duty-paid goods (rewarding mechanisms).Thus close management with aircraft crew ensures good labors turnover reducing the threat of staff being absent for flights, thus seen as adding value for customers.(more on Appendix 05) SWOT Analysis of Ryanair Factor Ways which factor applies to Ryanair (S)trengths Marketing strong branding and reputation, aggressive price strategy. Low costing due to airport operator deals. Reputation as biggest budget airline. Lots of publicity due to OLeary and controversial issues. Air Transport World magazine announced that Ryanair was the most profitable air line in the world. 2006 Annual Report, Ryanair desinged itself as the Worlds Favourite Airline. (W)eaknesses Cash tied up in purchase of new planes. Entire company based on European low cost airline market. Shock profit warnings may have used cash reserves and weakened fiscal structure Refusal to back down over issues such as EU Commission Poor employee relations Total dependance on the CEO Michel O Leary (O)pportunities Possible new routes, New planes = larger capacity. Advertising space on website and planes, more revenue International Airline colloborated EU expansion (T)hreats Competitors BMI baby, Easyjet, ThomsonFly. Economic recession would mean less disposable income. EU Commission could put restrictions on company if do not adhere to state aid rules Subsitute transpotation like car and high speed trains. Fluctuatioans in fuel prices Conclusion On the whole Ryanair seem to be following a strategy which works for them. They are obviously aware of their business environment and understand the importance of monitoring it as they took advantage of the opening in the market when they restyled themselves over a decade ago. However they need to be aware that this environment is constantly shifting and evolving and therefore maintaining a close eye on it and being ready to adapt to any changes should be a fundamental part of their strategy. Recommendation Ryanairs aim to keep fares low, mainly by not introducing fuel surcharges. Actions like this, which were of course highly publicised, ensure Ryanair is constantly attracting customers. Part of Ryanairs success is made possible by the fact they are such a lean company, both in the way they operate and the services they offer. OHiggins (2004) claims that when the carrier dropped their cargo services, although they were going to be losing  £500,000 of revenue a year, they decreased the turnaround time of their aircraft from 30 minutes to 25 minutes to attract more business travellers who required the punctuality. Innovativeness like this has ensured Ryanairs sustainability and will carry them forward into the future. To recommend any major changes would be to predict how the airline industry will change which ultimately cannot be foreseen. However it has been concluded that the budget airline will continue enjoying its boom, with many passengers now enjoying the short breaks away at a low price. Also the advent of new routes will bring more custom, from both departure points. If there was to be a drop in demand Ryanair would certainly suffer and subtle shifts in their strategy could be appropriate. For example offering drinks vouchers onboard for the customers next Ryanair flight might entice more people back, or making alliances with hotel groups in order to offer a complete package, rather than just selling advertising space on their website. References Finlay, Paul (2000), Strategic Management. An Introduction to Business and Corporate Strategy. Pearson Education. ISBN 0 201 39827 3 Haberberg, Adrian Rieple, Alison (2001), The Strategic Management of Organisations. Pearson Education Ltd, ISBN 0 130 21971 1 Lynch, Richard (2000), Corporate Strategy 2nd Ed. Pearson Education Ltd, ISBN 0- 273-64303-7 McManus, John, Maybe its time for Ryanair to jettison OLeary, Irish Times, 11 August 2003 OHiggins, Eleanor, (2004), Ryanair OHiggins, Eleanor, (2007), Ryanair the low fares airline www.ryanair.com www.grin.com Appendix 01 Company Vision Ryanairs CEO, Michael OLeary, has a vision of a world where the fare could drop to nothing as local communities would subsidize the airline to bring a steady traffic of business people and tourists to their region. Main Aim To firmly establish itself as low fares,scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings Rayanairs Main Objective Ryanair will become Europes most profitable lowest cost airline by rolling out the proven `low-fare-no-frills service in all markets in which we operate, to the benefit of our passengers, people, and shareholders (Ryanair Report, 1997). Ryanairs other objectives GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR 6 YEARS TILL 2012. To raise the market share within the low cost sector up to 40%. Fleet of 200 airplanes in 2012, To double the annual passenger transportation to 80 million by 2012. To eliminate the rest of our costly call centers To base the distribution only on online booking. To quadruple its annual profit up to  £1,230 billion in 2012. (www.grin.com/ebook/ryanair.) Appendix 02 Suppliersbarganing power low Competitor Rivalry High Threat of new entrants Medium Threat of Subsitutes Medium Buyers barganing power low How poters 5 force analysis effect Ryanair; Appendix 03 Physical Resources The physical resources which Ryanair possess is the 196 Boeing aircrafts. The huge amount of money being spent by them on their physical resources for the maintainance. They need to keep resources proper and running to make sure that these will not harm their low cost structure. They also have the youngest fleet in whole Europe with a highly fuel efficient capacity. Human Resources Human resources can be considered one of the most important functions of a business. The vast majority of organisations all employ staff and Ryanair is no exception especially due to their size. When the carrier was established over twenty years ago they only had fifty one members of staff on their payroll. (www.ryanair.com.) With this amount of staff they have to ensure that, in order to have operations like call centres and cabin crews running smoothly, they keep their staff happy and motivated. They do this by offering incentives and a share option scheme which allows employees to participate in the success of the company overall. Ryanairs technical operations should mainly revolve around their aircraft as this is the core of their business. In February of last year they announced an order placed with Boeng for 70 firm aircraft as well as 70 options, www.ryanair.com. This means that between now and 2012 Ryanair will have 225 firm aircraft and options for another 220, allowing them to grow to over 70 million passengers per year. Due to this excellent deal negotiated by the carrier their growing amount of aircraft will not add huge amounts to depreciation costs as they will be depreciated over 23 years. Technical operations have to run smoothly for obvious reasons, if a plane scheduled to make a flight for technical problems, for example, then this will impact on all of Ryanairs operations and functions and also cause disharmony amongst their passengers, possibly costing them future ticket sales Appendix 04 Financial Ratios Net Profit Margin Net Profit Margin (NPM) tells us how much profit a company makes for every $1 it generates in revenue. Net profit margin indicates, when compared with GPM, how well a firm is managing its indirect costs in addition to cost of goods sold. Return On Assets Return on Assets (ROA) provides a view of how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings. ROA for all three primary competitors is virtually the same. Therefore, we can say that all three companies are generating similar revenue per dollar of assets. Current Ratio The current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months Inventory turnover Inventory turnover ratio shows how many times a companys inventory is sold and replaced over a period. This should be compared against industry averages. A low turnover implies poor sales and, therefore, excess inventory. A high ratio implies either strong sales or ineffective buying. High inventory levels are unhealthy because they represent an investment with a rate of return of zero. It also opens the company up to trouble should prices begin to fall. Here are unreasonable Inventory turnover ratios of each company. However, the inventory in the motion picture industry is not so important compared to other manufacturing companies.

Analysis on Kings “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop

Not just to have an ordinary speech, but one that grasps people and pulls them in all you need to have is persuasion also known as Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. Ethos refers to the speaker’s credibility. There are three important characteristics: character, competence and charisma. Logos is evidence that supports any claim the speaker makes in their speech. Pathos is known as a strong component of successful persuasion. Pathos is also when you appeal to the listeners’ emotions. Verbal communication is the exchange of meanings by the use of the written or spoken symbols of a language.Non verbal communication is includes any symbolic behavior that is either intentionally or unintentionally sent. I believe the speech â€Å"I’ve Been to the Mountaintop† given By Dr. Martin Luther King is a great example of Ethos, Logos, and Pathos, verbal and non verbal communication. This speech, was giving on April 3, 1968 at the Mason Temple in Memphis, Tennessee, This was Mart in Luther Kings last public appearance before his assassination the following day. â€Å"I’ve been to the mountaintop† was a strong and influential sermon.Martin Luther king has a moral character has proven to the people that he is a serious man and very trustworthy. When people look at him they could see that kings beliefs were not a joke to him. The Baptist minister was an activist and was a leader in the African American civil rights movement. King helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957. In his speech he asks the people to take their money out of downtown banks and deposit their money in Tri-State Bank—for a â€Å"bank –in† movement. Kings says â€Å"I’m not asking you something that we don’t do ourselves at SCLC. â€Å"We’re just telling you to follow what we’re doing. † From this you can see that he basically was saying that you can trust him. The logistics he uses to support his c laim come from his knowledge of history.King talked about going back to 1863 to â€Å"watch Abraham Lincoln, come to the conclusion to sign the emancipation proclamation. † Later in the speech he empathizes that the people are poor but he says â€Å"collectively we are richer than all the nation[s] in the world, We have an annual income of more than thirty billion dollars a year. These are just a few of these statistics he uses to back up everything he talks about. To fully grab the listeners’ attention in a speech you have to show emotion. Martin Luther king did this by talking about his experiences of what happened to him from doing what he believes in. King talks about how he remembers when they were in a â€Å"majestic struggle,† He revels to us the complication he and others face while they moved on, king said â€Å"we Would move out day after day; by the hundreds we would move out. † It shows the people that he truly does care for their right and n othing would stop him.In his speech Martin Luther King also talks about how the marching landed them in jail but yet they just kept on singing and how it moved everyone around them. This is the kind of things that sweep people right into your speech. The using of words in a speech is what shows the intelligence and understanding that a speaker upholds. When we communicate, we need to put ourselves in our listeners' shoes. The way that Martin Luther Kings words carry out was more than just a speech, it was more like a sermon. His words were true but never cruel.King did put himself out there and showed everyone that they were not alone. His words had hope and that hope grabbed his listeners. Nonverbal communication, or body language, is a vital form of communication. When we interact with others, we continuously give and receive countless wordless signals. This is what makes us or breaks us. Martin Luther king stood tall and proud through out his speech when you looked at him you saw that he looked very serious but sincere. Kind would take short pauses in his speech and just look out to everyone. This is what king did to get his listeners attention.

South Asia and Management of Energy SecurityÂÂ

INTERNATIONAL-RELATIONS ARTICLE ASSIGNMENT=1 SOUTH ASIA AND MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY 3/27/2013 SUBMITTED BY FAIZAN-ALI BBA-7C * Introduction: The article named south Asia and management of energy security has been written by a well known associate professor of international relations miss DR MUSARRAT JABEEN Quetta university Baluchistan.The writer herself a very competent and well known to her subject of specialization with the great exposure of international systems and relations also read one other books of her by the name of legacy of china which is one of her successful stories and proof of her good thought of school. After now introducing the writer I would like to introduce the under attention article of the writer which is south Asia and management of energy security. Summary (major points): in the article the writer talked about many things and tried to focus on the fact that energy security hinges on the demand and supply systems in terms of energy management. She used a word of hinge in her sentence which is the demonstration of a beautiful making of preposition by writer which means a joining device on which a lid or door turns when it opens. When comes to the major and focal points of an article I would like to firstly translate the meaning of energy security which means that smooth and reliable transaction and movement of energy between supply and demand systems of energy.The emergence of supply and demand is from the economic world and as per my understanding with these terms I conclude that there should not be a supply and demand gap in the systems of energy otherwise I will create a question on the security of energy which is the smooth transaction of energy. Importantly major points for supply and demand are rolled under three dimensions: * Dependency * Certainty * AffordabilityAs energy is the most important security for all the nations and states because a great sense of competition exists among nations for energy security as energy is o ne of the basic requirements for economic development and economic growth. There are some important factors in the given articles which are responsible for the increase in demand * High rate of population * Stress caused by economic growth * Economic dualism * Structural transformation * Physical capital formationThis study basically focuses on the supply and demand systems crossing south Asia at the confluence of central Asia and Middle East south Asia has specific energy security issues. One of the growing demands of energy is that china is becoming the world’s biggest economic power very soon in future due to china needs the cost is kept on increasing specially in south Asia. The region specially discussed in this article is south Asia in which Pakistan is included which would be the route and supplier of energy very soon in future but this might not take place very soon because of our energy crisis at national level.India which is only the supplier and Afghanistan which i s the route of energy can also create political barriers to other states of south Asia especially for Iran who is the biggest supplier of energy among south Asia countries. U. s Europe and china’s interest has made some political environment in south Asia. As oil is one of the most important ingredients of energy so U. S who is the only power of world wants to control all pricing management of oil especially in Gulf States?In view of geographical location PAKSITAN has a great importance for all because we have gawaddar port we have Karachi port and we have so many other routes which actually links with the boundaries of AGHANISTAN INDIA IRAN and across the river to the Gulf States. The writer has taken up some important qualifications about PAKSITAN which in my point of view are very important. * Pakistan is located at the confluence of central middle and south Asia. In short Pakistan is the heart of Asia. * Pakistan has the ability to grow at the level of above 8% GDP. * Pak istan has catered for the central Asia trade with south Asia and the rest of world. Challenges: In South Asia, the demand for infrastructure, and particularly electricity, is growing rapidly. Improved electricity supply is a key to sustaining economic growth and improving social services. †¢ Electricity is still not available to about half of the region's 1. 5 billion population, especially in rural areas, which adversely affects the efforts to reduce poverty and create better opportunities for all. †¢ The lack of access to modern forms of energy prolongs the widespread traditional use of biomass, with adverse environmental and health impact. Electricity services to the connected customers, whether to businesses or households, are often unreliable and of poor quality, coupled with high technical and commercial losses and poor commercial performance of service providers. †¢ Advancing electricity sector reforms, aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of electrici ty service, commercial viability of electricity industry, institutional and governance arrangements, accountability of service providers, and investment climate is critical to ensure sustained growth of the sector and optimal development and use of energy resources. National energy systems are autarchic, with weak or nonexistent interconnections. There is little cross-border trade in electricity, with the exception of India-Bhutan trade, and none in natural gas. * Critical analysis: South Asia's energy security dilemma is one of the signal challenges of the 21st century, critical to the economic future of almost two billion people and the political future of one of the world s most volatile regions. Now for the critical analysis as per my reading and understanding with the article I would like to mention some strengths and weaknesses and also the things which are covered and which are not covered.In south Asia energy management china India Pakistan Afghanistan are the majors countri es for supply and routes specially in south Asia so they have a great interest of international community specially from the super power U. S. America wanted a full control on all movements and managements of energy specially on oil and also the resources of all these big countries of Asia. china is more powerful among all other Asian states because they are using there resources very efficiently and effectively.Here I can give an example of small dams of water as reserves in china which are 1 lakh in quantity as per rough idea which is the security of many other energy production systems. While talking about Pakistan, Baluchistan which is the biggest area in view of resources and energy generation is now under the strong influence by international forces to get management by others. In view of strengths it is an accepted fact a stronger Pakistan will deal strongly with the regional challenges. The construction of deep sea port at GAWADAR is just one component of the greater gawadar plan. here is a strong link of network of Karachi with Baluchistan by roads. Management of regional interest can play an important role in the management of energy in south Asia. As Pakistan is the hub of transportation for all so there should be a unity and strong faith of friendship among the countries of south Asia. The policy of recasting regional interstate relations on the basis of trade will directly lead to the prosperity of the whole region. Regionally there are so many projects are running among the Pakistan Iran India china srilanka etc. ne of the greatest example is the agreement of gas pipeline between Pakistan and Iran which is the proof of interstate relationships. This agreement is unacceptable for the international actors like America. when going internationally we should all act alike under some laws and policies for the benefit of whole Asia because it has to be understand by all that our continent is very rich in many things like geographical location resources natural climate fertile land etc. everybody should look east towards each other because to the west only fake faces and promises are made for their own national interest. Conclusion: finally at the end I would like to say that this is our bad luck among south Asia countries that we all are affiliated with other international channels for some interest and we are less behind in developing relations among each other. Due to which when there is an increase in the security of energy happens in any country the other feels insecurity like when India made nuclear tests it was a worried time for Pakistan because instead of having a relationship of friendship we are enemy of each other which is the biggest drawback in our continent. he task of global reforms has to be an inclusive one,addresing the concerns and needs of the states located in the heartland of Asia. All the tensions should be solved by dialogues and by cooperation’s. There should be two management policies one at region al level and one should be on international level. The gap is increasing between supply and demand of energy because of inelasticity. East and Southeast Asian states are facing severe and increasing energy security challenges.Regional economies are generally poor in natural resources, trade-dependent, and energy-intensive in character. Regional energy demands, especially for natural gas and fuels derived from crude oil, continue to escalate. Simultaneously, indigenous production of oil and gas has been for the large part either declining. This divergence between energy demands and domestic supplies has led to increasing reliance among East and Southeast Asian states on foreign sources of supply, including energy imports that are predominantly delivered by sea.Recommendation: * Create awareness programs for states on their issues, like economic, social and legal issues, to strengthen them, on government level and civil society organization. * Need comprehensive legislation to ensure the states’ right and their protection. * Promote/Start debates and address the issues of states with governments. —————-*————————————–*—————————*—————————

Visual Mental Imagery and the Average Subject Essay

Introduction The enduring differences between individuals are an intriguing subject area in modern psychology. An interest in examining how people differ in their thinking, feeling and behaviour has developed over time. Even over 2000 years ago, Plato stated â€Å"No two persons are born exactly alike; but each differs from the other in natural endowments, one being suited for one occupation and the other for another†. Moving forward in time to 1984, Shackleton and Fletcher pointed out that within the study of scientific psychology of human behaviour, individual differences can easily get lost and brushed off as noise to data. Much of previous research has been concerned with the general processes of the ‘normal’ population such as learning,†¦show more content†¦The next section will introduce VMI with a definition and a brief history, however, because it is not the main focus of the essay it will be kept very concise. A detailed review of the debate of visual mental imagery over the centuries can be found by Kosslyn, Thompson and Ganis (2006), Phylyshyn (2002) also gathers a plethora of theories in mental imagery. Visual Mental Imagery – The Big Picture in brief Insert Example of VMI. Mental Imagery is a familiar feature of everyday life that most people experience, even though some people report not doing so (e.g. Farah et al. 1984, 1988). Kosslyn, Ganis and Thompson (2009) refer to the idea that imagery is the experience of ‘seeing with the mind’s eye’. ‘Imagery’ invites people to simulate what they think would happen if they were looking at the actual event. It is believed to play a role in visuospatial reasoning, memory and creative thought, for instance evaluating options, reconstructing past perceptual events and anticipating future desired or feared experiences (Tversky, 2004; Pearson, 2007). The interest in mental imagery once again dates back to the time of Plato who speculated that mental images are formed from memories, and that images are carved into the mind just like pictures can be carved on a wax tablet (as cited in Kosslyn, Behrmann Jeannerod, 1995). 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